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Great Chicago Fire
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Eco Panic
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End of Reconstruction
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Eco Depression
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The Great Railroad strike
first strike that spread across multiple states in the U.S. -
Eco crash
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Creation Knight of Labour
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Haymarket strike =1st international Workers day
o A national strike for the eight-hour workday led to protests.
o In Chicago, police killed strikers at McCormick Reaper Works.
o During a protest at Haymarket Square, a bomb killed seven policemen.
o Authorities blamed anarchists; four were executed, and unionism was stigmatized as radical and violent.
o The Knights of Labor declined as a result. -
Homestead strike
o Carnegie Steel workers protested wage cuts and occupied the plant.
o Henry Clay Frick hired Pinkertons, who were attacked by strikers.
o Pennsylvania’s state militia was deployed, breaking the strike and destroying the union. -
Important eco crash
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Pullman Strike
o George Pullman cut wages but kept rent high in his company town.
o The American Railway Union (ARU), led by Eugene Debs, refused to handle Pullman cars.
o The strike spread nationwide, paralyzing railroads.
o President Cleveland sent federal troops, leading to violent clashes.
o Debs was arrested, radicalized in prison, and later became a socialist leader. -
End ARU
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Chicago become a large city of 1M ppl
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Eastern + Mediterranean Europe immigration