-
1215
The Magna Carta
The King of Britain will sign this document which limited the right of the monarch to tax the British people without the consent of an elected body. This was one of the foundations of the American Revolution -
1492
Christopher Columbus and the New World
Columbus discovers the new world while sailing for an all-water route to Asia -
1497
John Cabot and English Exploration
Henry the VIII started English exploration by sending John Cabot who claimed the east coast of America -
Jamestown and The Virginia Colony
Jamestown will be established and lead by John Smith and will then flourish in 1610 when tobacco seeds are brought from Barbados by John Rolfe -
Period: to
English Colonization of the Americas
The time where British control of Eastern America flourished from the founding of Jamestown to the end of the American Revolution. -
The Quebec Settlement
Samuel De Champlain leads the first French settlers to Canada/New France and set up an economy based around the Courier d'bois and fur trade. -
Toleration Acts of 1618
This law granted religious freedom to all Protestants, and this led to English Catholics believing they will never get religious freedom. Leads to the formation of the Maryland Colony to protect Catholic freedom -
The House of Burgesses
The first elected legislative body in America that was formed in the Virginia colony -
The Plymouth Colony
The Pilgrims (Separatists) flee from England to seek religious freedom. The sail on the Mayflower and setup a government based on the Mayflower Compact. -
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans from England get a charter for the land to build the MBC, taking it from the Pilgrims with their religious freedoms and establishing a Puritan society. -
The Rhode Island Colony
Rodger Williams will gather his followers and found the settlement of Providence, building the first Baptist church in America. -
Toleration Acts of 1649
Also known as the Maryland Toleration Acts. George Calvert gets the Maryland legislature to pass this law which gives ALL Christians -
The Carolina Colony
King Charles II grants a charter to the Lord's Proprietors. The first settlement was Charlestown in 1670 which thrived under tobacco, rice, and slaves. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley. The rebellion stemmed from frontier conflicts with Native Americans, political corruption, and economic grievances, particularly falling tobacco prices. It involved colonists, indentured servants, and some enslaved people, who burned Jamestown and forced Berkeley to flee. The rebellion ultimately failed after Bacon's death. -
The Pennsylvania Colony
William Penn will establish Philadelphia to provide a place for everyone, especially his Quaker friends. -
Carolina Colony is Divided
King George I divides the Carolina Colony into North and South due to armed conflicts over difference in treatment and service. -
Period: to
The Great Awakening
Period in Europe of great religious activity. This leads to people like George Whitefield to travel to America to preach. -
The Georgia Colony
King George II wants to create a buffer zone between the Spanish/Indians and South Carolina. Trustee Georgia is led by James Oglethorpe and is given the charter. The first settlement is in Savannah in 1733. -
Period: to
The Seven Year's War/French and Indian War
The first worldwide conflict between mainly the French and British. In America this culminated in armed conflict with the Indians joining the French. -
The Treaty of Paris of 1763
Ends the Seven Year's War and French gave Great Britain its land between the Appalachians and the Mississippi. -
The Proclamation of 1763 & Pontiac's Rebellion
The Proclamation forbids American settlers from expanding past the Appalachians to prevent more Indian conflicts. Pontiac's Rebellion was a conflict between Native American tribes and the British in the Great Lakes region following the French and Indian War. Led by Pontiac, the rebellion aimed to drive British settlers and soldiers out of Native American lands and reclaim territory. -
The Sugar Act
Increased taxes on imported goods, including sugar, and provided for stricter enforcement of trade laws (indirect). -
The Stamp Act & Quartering Act
The Stamp Act imposed a tax on various printed materials, such as newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards (direct). The Quartering Act Required colonists to provide housing and supplies for British soldiers. -
The Townshend Acts
Imposed new taxes on goods like glass, tea, and paper; was mainly to intimidate America (direct). -
The Boston Massacre
A group of protesting Americans will provoke British soldiers who then fire upon the crowd. This is played as evil by the Americans and so they start a boycott which eventually ends the Townshend Acts on everything except tea. -
The Tea Act & Boston Tea Party
Reduced the tax on tea, but granted a monopoly to the British East India Company, leading to the Boston Tea Party which saw the Sons of Liberty dumping British tea into the Boston harbor. -
The Coercive Acts & The First Continental Congress
Also known as the Intolerable Acts. Passed in response to the Boston Tea Party, these acts included the Boston Port Bill, Administration of Justice Act, Massachusetts Government Act, and a revised Quartering Act. As a response to the Coercive Acts.
The First Continental Congress sent representatives from every state except Georgia discuss how to help Boston and form a militia to protect their rights; not for freedom yet. -
Lexington and Concord & The Second Continental Congress
The British send a force to Concord to retrieve stolen goods where they will engage in conflict with farmers where the first shots of the American Revolution are shot. In response, the colonies assemble in Philadelphia and discuss how to move forward with the American deaths. The first propose the Olive Branch Petition, but it does not work and so they prepare their army. -
Period: to
The American Revolutionary War
The conflicts that took place between the American colonies and Britain for American independence. -
Common Sense
The main point of Thomas Paine's Common Sense was to advocate for American independence from Great Britain and to promote the idea of a democratic republic. Paine argued that British rule was illogical and harmful to the American colonies, and that independence was the best way for the colonies to secure their own freedom and prosperity. -
The Declaration of Independence
Taking the ideas of John Locke, Thomas Jefferson leads the formation of the document stating why the US was in a state of fighting for independence. This was to gain support from other European nations, namely France. -
The Battle of Saratoga
Americans will capture British soldiers and this was a huge victory which convinces France that America can win the war leading to the Treaty of Mutual Assistance -
The Articles of Confederation
This was America's first constitution by the Second Constitutional Congress. This constitution was weak and formed a government that will not properly fund the nation. Will come into full effect after the war. -
The Massachusetts State Constitution
This was the first state constitution which set a precedent for the other states. This precedent required that the people ratified the constitution, and will also affect the federal constitution. -
The Treaty of Paris of 1783
After the Battle of Yorktown, the British will ask for peace and at the Paris Peace Conference, they will work with America to discuss terms. This will officially recognize the US as a sovereign nation, establishes borders, withdraw British soldiers, and Tory land will be returned. -
Shay's Rebellion
Due to farms being foreclosed taking land from farmers, Daniel Shay will stage a revolt to attack banks in Massachusetts. The governor will call upon the militia who refuse, and it is only solved when Rhode Island sends troops to end the law peacefully. This shows the inability of the government to protect the people. -
The Constitutional Convention
Aimed to "amend" the Articles of Confederation. Plans are discussed for the Constitution like the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Plan, and the Great Compromise. The 3/5ths Compromise and Electoral Compromise are also discussed. This will result in a new Constitution that creates a federal democratic republic. -
The Federalist Papers
Series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. Their primary purpose was to persuade New York delegates to ratify the newly proposed United States Constitution, which was facing opposition from Anti-Federalists. -
Period: to
The Second Great Awakening
As a response to the growing influence of Deism in America, Christian Churches will respond by having preachers set up services to gain followers. They taught an emotional connection and this leads to the formation of the Methodist and Baptists. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
Industry begins when Samuel Slater immigrates from England and builds the first cotton textile mills in Massachusetts. Slater buys lands in the countryside and turns them into "Milltowns" which are self-sustaining towns. Eli Whitney will then improve the cotton gin and this will cause cotton to replace the role of tobacco as a cash crop. Industry will bring along long hours, abysmal pay, child labor, uneducated hopeless lower class, and less pay for women. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
A violent tax protest in western Pennsylvania during the 1790s, ignited by a federal excise tax on whiskey. This tax, meant to fund the nation's debts, was particularly unpopular among frontier farmers who relied on whiskey production. The rebellion, which culminated in attacks on tax collectors and the burning of homes, was ultimately quelled by President George Washington, who sent a militia to suppress the uprising. -
The Election of 1796
Was the first actual presidential election. Forms the two political parties of the Federalists by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans by Thomas Jefferson. John Adams will win this election as Jefferson as vice. -
Period: to
President John Adams
Adam's first and only term -
The XYZ Affair
John Adams is going to send a group of 3 men to Paris to negotiate with the French to end the seizure of American ships to prevent war. 3 unnamed Frenchmen will demand America pay a bribe to talk to Talleyrand which pisses off Americans. Napoleon will become the new leader of France and apologize to America. -
The Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of laws that attempt to silence critiques of president Adams and limit the number of aliens who can vote. This included the Naturalization Act which increases minimum residency to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, Alien Act which gives the government the right to deport criticizers of high officials, and the Sedition Act which limits freedom of press of criticisms against the government. -
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
As a response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. Were two essays written by Hamilton and Jefferson which said that the states have the right to refuse to enforce national laws that they believe violates the Constitution. This says that the states have the power to declare constitutionality of federal laws. -
The Election of 1800
The Federalists party will be split on those who support Adams and those who support Hamilton. Jefferson will win this election. Aaron Burr will kill Hamilton. -
Period: to
President Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson's first and second term -
The Judiciary Act of 1801
This law creates 11 new courts so that John Adams can elect 11 Federalist to be judges and the Federalist would keep control of the Judicial Branch. -
Period: to
First Barbary War/President Jefferson's War
Jefferson retaliates against the Barbary Pirates instead of following through with the tributes. He will destroy the pirates, solidifying the power of the US to the Europeans. -
Marbury v Madison
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) will rule that part of the Judiciary Act of 1801 was unconstitutional and sets the precedent of Judicial Review. Judicial Review said that only SCOTUS can decide if a law was constitutional, denying the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. This power balances the three branches of government. -
The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson will go past his strict constructionist view of the Constitution and overstep his federal power to purchase Louisiana from Napoleon. He will still gain enough support from his Demo-Reps to get the deal. -
Period: to
The Napoleonic Wars
Series of conflicts primarily fought between France, under Napoleon Bonaparte, and various European coalitions. This war led to British impressments and French harassment towards the US. -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny
The era in America where we held the belief that God ordained the US to control the entirety of North America from coast to coast. -
The Embargo Act of 1807
This law forbade the exportation of any goods from the US. Many ships laid filling the New England harbors as no ships left. This potentially hurt the commerce of New England more than France and Britain. Revived the Federalist party who opposed the embargo. Congress would finally repeal the embargo on March 1, 1809, 3 days before Jefferson's retirement. Made Jefferson highly unpopular. -
The Election of 1808
Because of Washington's precedent, Jefferson will not run for a 3rd term, and thus James Madison wins the Demo-Rep nomination and the election. -
Period: to
President James Madison
The first and second term of Madison's presidency -
The War of 1812
British instigation of Indians, impressment, and blockades of Europe towards America alongside the Warhawks in the government all lead to Madison declaring war on Britain after an ignored ultimatum. This war ended with American victory and the Federalists party who did not support the war became unpopular and eventually dissolved. -
Period: to
The Market Revolution
A period of significant economic and societal transformation, shifting the U.S. from a largely agrarian, self-sufficient economy to a market-oriented, industrialized one. This shift was driven by advancements in technology, transportation, and manufacturing, leading to increased production, consumption, and a more interconnected national economy -
The Election of 1816
The Demo-Reps will ask Madison to run for a third term as well, but he follows the precedent. Instead the Demo-Reps then elect James Monroe who wins the election. -
The Tariff of 1816
The first protective tariff with higher rates to discourage textile imports. Created by the American System -
Period: to
President James Monroe
The first and second term of James Monroe's presidency -
Period: to
The Era of Good Feelings
In the aftermath of the War of 1812, the Federalists party loses support for their stance as opposed to the war, leading to the party dissolving. This will lead to one dominant political party during this time. -
McCulloch v Maryland
John Marshall is the chief justice during this time who writes the opinion that the Constitution created the Supreme court and that means it is superior to all state governments. -
The Panic of 1819
A minor depression caused by low crop prices, high unemployment, businesses going bankrupt, and bank failures. Farmers will hate the national bank due to farm foreclosures. -
The Missouri Compromise
Also known as the Compromise of 1820. Missouri wanted to be admitted into the Union as a slave state, but this would upset the free vs slave balance. Instead, Missouri will be slave and Maine will be added as free. Then it also states that no slaves states will be formed above the 36 30' parallel. -
Period: to
The Cult of Domesticity
Glorified women staying home, looking after children, and caring for the home. This was brought on during the height of the First American Industrial Revolution. -
Period: to
The First Great Wave of Immigration
Immigrants from all over the world such as Irish escaping the potato famine into cities and Germans settling in the mid-west who are escaping Junker rule. Groups of people like the Nativists fear that immigrants will take their jobs. -
The Monroe Doctrine
As a part of his union address, James Monroe will declare that America warns all European countries that if they mess with the affairs of the Americas that the US will consider this an act of war -
The Election of 1824
Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and John Quincy Adams are all running for election. It comes down to Clay hating Jackson and so Clay throws his support to Quincy Adams, helping him win the election. Right after, Quincy Adams will appoint Clay as a government official, causing Jackson to cry corrupt bargain. -
Period: to
President John Quincy Adams
Quincy Adams's first term as president -
Free Public Education
Several states in New England and in the old Northwest Territory open schools for grades 1-6. Paid for by local taxes and got a lot of upper and middle class support as they thought it will lower chances of lower class revolt. Horace Mann will become the superintendent of Massachusetts and reform the school system. -
The Tariff of 1828
Was used as a bait for Jackson by Quincy Adams and Henry Clay for the upcoming election that they will propose to Congress. It will double the rates of the Tariff of 1816 and protect the interest of the Northeast while harming the Western and Southern farmers. Under Martin Van Buren's advice, Jackson will accept the tariff, making the farmers hate him. It will be known as the Tariff of Abomination to farmers -
The Election of 1828
Quincy Adams will run again and his party supporters are called Republicans (different from todays) and Jackson's supporters are called Democrats. Jackson will win because of Van Buren. -
The First Railroad
The first railroad in the US will connect Charlestown to Augusta. It will lead to the first steam locomotive. -
Period: to
President Andrew Jackson
Jackson's first and second term -
The Indian Removal Act
Authorizes Jackson to remove all the Indian tribes east of the Mississippi to the Indian Territory. This showcased Jackson's abuse of federal power, especially with his handling of the Cherokees who took legal action against him. Jackson would ignore the decision of SCOTUS and force the Cherokees on the Trail of Tears. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
A slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia, led by Nat Turner, an enslaved preacher. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of approximately 55 white people. While the rebellion itself was short-lived, it led to intense fear and panic among white slaveholders and resulted in the deaths of hundreds of enslaved people and free blacks, many of whom were not involved in the uprising. -
The Nullification Crisis
Vice John C. Calhoun of South Carolina will write the South Carolina Exposition and Protest as a response to the tariff of 1828. This claimed that states have the right to nullify national laws and refuse to support them if they believe it to be unconstitutional, and SC will use this to nullify the tariff. Congress tries to respond by pushing the Tariff of 1832 that decreased rates, but SC nullifies both. Jackson will use the Force Act to try and use force to enforce federal law. -
Jackson's Bank War
Jackson will veto the bill to recharter the national bank early, effectively killing the bank later when the charter expires. He will then withdraw all federal cash from the bank and put them in pet banks (state banks). -
The Compromise Tariff of 1833
Returns tariff rates to comparable to the Tariff of 1816. Ends the Nullification Crisis -
The Election of 1836
This election causes the Whig party to form who opposes Jackson due to his abuses of federal power. However, the Whigs were unable to nominate someone in time and so Martin Van Buren will easily win. -
The Battle of the Alamo
After Santa Anna is elected as president of Mexico, he immediately tries to handle the Texicans who are disobeying Mexican law. The Texicans try and draw up a declaration of independence and so Santa Anna responds with force. At the fortress of Alamo, the Mexicans slaughter the defenders and leave one person behind to try and intimidate the US -
The Lone Star Republic
After capturing Santa Anna in the Battle of San Jacinto, Texas forms the Lone Star Republic with Sam Houston as its only leader. Texas requests to be annexed by the US, but was refused as it would unbalance the slave v free balance. -
Period: to
President Martin Van Buren
The first term of van Buren's presidency -
The Panic of 1837
Twice as bad as the Panic of 1819. Caused by Overspeculation, lack of control of currency without a national bank, bad loans from pet banks. -
The Election of 1840
The Demos reluctantly nominate Martin Van Buren and the Whigs nominate William Henry Harrison who has the nickname "Old Tippecanoe" and is portrayed as a self-educated frontier Indian Fighter. John Tyler is going to be the vice candidate for the Whigs and this is going to bring about the most famous slogan in history "Tippecanoe and Tyler too". Harrison will win the election easily. This marks the return of the Two Party System. However, Harrison will quickly die leading to Tyler taking over. -
Period: to
President John Tyler
John Tyler's first term after Harrison's death. -
The Election of 1844
Henry Clay will run against James K Polk in the election who is seizing the issue of Manifest Destiny and involves Oregon and Texas. This makes the election into a referendum over Manifest Destiny as Polk pushes for taking Oregon from Britain at all costs. The Liberty Party comes into this election and support the abolition of slavery, but they take enough votes from Clay that Polk will win. -
Period: to
President James K. Polk
Polk's first term in presidency -
Annexation of Texas
Tyler at this time wanted to annex Texas as a slave state. Mexico opposes this as they want to try and get it back. France and Britain oppose this as they can get cheaper cotton if Texas is independent. The Whigs will be divided on this issue until enough Southern Demos voted to annex Texas. This will be the last thing that Tyler does in this remaining days in office. -
The Walker Tariff of 1846
This lowers the rates of the Tariff of 1842. This tariff will raise a lot more revenue for the US than any other tariff. -
Period: to
The Mexican American War
Polk will order Zachary Taylor to move his army to the Rio Grande to provoke the Mexican army to attack them. The battle will take place in Texas and California. California will liberate itself during the war under John C. Freemont and become independent as the Bear Flag Republic. The US will force Santa Anna to surrender, ending the war with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
The Spot Resolution
Abraham Lincoln was a Whig Member of Congress from Illinois. He is going to lead the fight against the Declaration of War. He is going to introduce a bill called The Spot Resolution that makes him famous. It says that before Congress gives a Declaration of War, a member of the War Department should come and show Congress on a Map the exact spot that the US army was located when they were attacked. Fortunately for Polk, the Democrats are able to kill the resolution. -
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ends the Mexican-American War. Mexico will cede all the land from Texas to the Pacific Ocean to the US. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Written by Harriet Breacher Stowe and is a work of fiction telling about the life of slaves on Southern Plantations but is based on facts. Going to have an effect on the Civil War because it confirms the worst about Slavery and the Southern people in the minds of Europeans, so that they will never allow their governments to support the Confederacy in the Civil War later. -
The Republican Party Forms
A group of Northern Whigs, Free Soil members, and members of an anti-immigrant party called the No Nothings, are going to gather in Michigan and form the Republican Party. The Party is going to support not letting Slavery spread out of the South, opposed immigration, and promoted the growth of American business in Industry. There are now 2 parties, the Democratic and the Republican. -
Period: to
Bleeding Kansas
Where a Civil War rages in Kansas between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery supporters. Going to feature mass murder, arson, mutilation. Starts when John Brown was at Pottawatomie Creek, he is going to find 5 free slavers camped and is going to hang them and mutilate them. -
The Election of 1856
Republican Party is very disorganized but they are going to nominate John C. Freemont who organized the American militia in California. They were against the spread of slavery but were not abolitionists. Democrats are going to nominate James Buchanan. He is going to be against limiting slavery and easily win the Election of 1856. -
Period: to
President James Buchanan
The first term of James Buchanan's presidency -
Dred Scott v Sandford
Dred Scott is a slave who traveled with his owner to a Free State and the question becomes his Dred Scott free since he is in a Free State. When the case reaches SCOTUS, the Chief Justice is Robert B. Taney. SCOTUS is going to find that Scott is still a slave because he was bought and lived in a Slave State. Taney also says that since the Constitution protects private property, neither Congress nor the States have the right to prohibit Slavery. This basically cancels the Missouri Compromise. -
The Panic of 1857
The Panic is a disaster in the North but not as nearly as bad in the South. It is caused by extreme influx of gold from Cali causing inflation, overproduction of grain and manufactured goods due to the end of the Crimean War in Europe, and Overspeculation of land and railroads. -
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates and the Freeport Doctrine
Abraham Lincoln challenges Stephen Douglas to a series of debates called the Lincoln-Douglas Debates for the Illinois Senate seat. Lincoln is going to get Douglas into the position to defend Popular Sovereignty in the Freeport Doctrine. He says that a state can't preserve slavery unless in their State Constitution they direct the policing force to protect the private property of Slave Owners. Douglas wins the Senate seat but loses the seat of the President because he lost Southern support -
Harpers Ferry
John Brown has had another vision and is going to get the slaves to rebel against their masters and Harpers Ferry has everything that he needs to get it started. The Virginia Militia are going to fight John Brown and his men. Then Federal Forces arrive and Robert E. Lee and his marines are going to capture John Brown and all of his men. Brown is going to be put on trial for treason and is found guilty and is hanged. He becomes a Martyr in the North and is a villain in the South. -
The Election of 1860
The Reps nominate Abraham Lincoln while the Demos are split and different factions all elected separate candidates. South Carolina lets it be known that if Abraham Lincoln wins the Election they would Secede from the Union. A group politicians called the Fire Eaters are going to go around the South holding rallies and are going to lie saying that if Lincoln is elected as President that he is going to abolish Slavery. Abraham Lincoln is announced as the President and South Carolina secedes. -
Period: to
President Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln's first and second term of presidency -
The Trent Affair
American naval ship captain stops a British Ship and removes two Confederate Officials who were headed to London and takes them back to Boston where they are thrown into Prison. The Prime Minister sends Lincoln an Ultimatum saying that they either release the two men and transport them to London and give a full public apology or they will enter the war against them. Abraham Lincoln is going to comply, preventing the the closest that the Confederates almost get European help. -
Fort Sumter
By the time Lincoln takes office all the forts in the Confederate States have changed hands except Fort Sumter which is in the middle of the Charleston Harbor. The dilemma Lincoln is in is that he wants to send supplies to Fort Sumpter but has to make it look like he isn't sparking a war. Now Jefferson Davis is in a pickle because he can't fire at an unarmed ship without starting a war, making the Confederacy the aggressor. Instead the Confederates would bombard the Fort before the ship arrives. -
The First Battle of Bull Run
The Confederates won this battle. This resulted in the enormous casualties changing the perception of the war from a short one to a long grueling one. It also displays the Northern weakness in leadership and shows the importance that railroads will have in the war. -
The Battle of Gettysburg
Robert E. Lee is leading the largest army in American history and is going to try to march around Washington and attack it from the North. The bloodiest battle in American History. Robert E. Lee has to retreat and is a great Union Victory and 26,000 men are going to die or be wounded at Gettysburg. This is the turning point in the Civil War because after this battle the Confederacy is going to lose every battle. -
The Homestead Act and Pacific Railroad Act
Homestead Act gave 160 acres of free land to any U.S. citizen who agreed to live on and farm the land for at least five years. It encouraged westward expansion. The Pacific Railroad Act gave federal support to companies to build the first transcontinental railroad, connecting the eastern U.S. to the western territories. -
The Battle of Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation
This battle of the first Confederate attempt to invade the North. However, the Confederates are forced to retreat later. This battle allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation which temporarily freed all the slaves in the Confederacy but not in the Border States. This document makes the war about slavery which ends any chance that a European Country would help the Confederacy. It also motivates more runaway slaves in the South and increases Blacks enlisting in the war. -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Sherman cuts a 60 mile long path from Atlanta to Savanah destroying buildings trying to make the Southerners regret fighting in the war. -
The Election of 1864
The Reps totally support Abraham Lincoln and his war policies. The Radical Reps are going to support Lincoln's War Policies, but they are determined that they need to reduce Presidents power and abolish Slavery. The War Demos will support Lincoln's War Policies while the Copperhead Demos are going to fight to all of Lincoln's Policies. Ulysses S. Grant is going get his soldiers to support Lincoln. In his inauguration, Lincoln promises to be charitable to the South after the war. -
Lincoln's Assassination, President Andrew Johnson, and the 14th Amendment
Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth as a part of a conspiracy to kill all the top leaders in the US Government. Andrew Johnson is now the President and passes the 14th Amendment which guarantees the freed men their rights as citizens, AND it guarantees all American citizens equal protection under the law. Johnson is going to change a couple things in his Reconstruction plan by adding that the State Governments have to repeal the Ordinances of Confession and refute their war debts. -
The 13th Amendment
Lincoln pushes Congress to propose the Thirteenth Amendment which abolishes slavery -
End of the Civil War
General Robert E. Lee will surrender his army to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. Lee is going to lose most of his army and gets cornered in Richmond and a siege happens and while the rest of his men are starving he is going to ask for surrender. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
The period in American history that involved restoring order to the South and the process of readmitting the Southern States to the Union. -
Period: to
President Andrew Johnson
Johnson's first and second term as president -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
Mark Twain called the age after Reconstruction the Gilded Age because it was a period of great prosperity and wealth, but also underneath it was rotten and corrupt. Following the Civil War the economy of the United States shifted the Industrial Revolution into overdrive which will greatly reward entrepreneurs at the expense if most Americans. This period saw the rise of Tycoons and Monopolists like Vanderbilt and Rockefeller who used corrupt tactics to make extreme profits. -
The Reconstruction Act of 1867
The Radical Republicans do not want Johnson to take control of Reconstruction. They will pass the "Radical Reconstruction" which is going to divide the South into 5 military districts with military Governments under martial law. Once they are admitted they will allow all black and white males to vote except leaders in Confederate governments or officers in army who could apply for pardons. Going to have to also ratify the 13th and 14th amendment to be admitted into the Union. -
Seward's Folly
Alaska belonged to Russia but Russia was in financial trouble and wanted to sell it. Secretary Henry Steward goes to Abraham Lincoln telling him that they don't want Great Britain gaining more land in North America. Years later, Russia will go back to Great Britain who will pass the deal so Alaska will be sold to the US for 7.2 million for about 7 cents an acre. The American people are going to bully Steward about the purchase calling it unnecessary. -
The Election of 1868
Reps are not going to re-nominate Johnson and instead recruit Ulysses S. Grant to run for President. The Reps are going to come up with a strategy that will help them win most of the elections in the 19th century, and is called Waving the Bloody Shirt where they blame the Demos for the Civil War. In the South, most voters will be Freedmen. Because of these two factors, Grant will easily win. -
Period: to
President Ulysses S. Grant
The first and second term of Grant's presidency -
The Knights of Labor
The first national union in history. Going to include all workers, skilled and unskilled workers and also all races and genders. Was founded by Terrance Powderly and will be the only leader the Union ever has. They are going to achieve an 8 hour workday for railway workers. -
Period: to
The Range Wars
After the Civil War, farmers and ranchers both expanded West, for cheap farmland legally and cheap grazing land by abusing the Homestead Act respectively. The lack of water is going to trigger conflicts to arise between these two groups. -
The Panic of 1873
Caused by Overspeculation on railroads and factories, overexpansion on western agriculture, bad loans, and failure to improve southern economy. The People who are the most affected by the Panic 1873 are Farmers, Industrial Workers, and the Freedmen. It Starts a battle between the supporters of hard currency and soft currency. -
The Battle of the Little Big Horn/Custer's Great Stand
In the Battle two Shiann Indian Chiefs are going to work together and fight in the war. Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse are going to be able to get 2500 warrior together. Going to attack 250 US Calvary led by George Custer. Custer is going to attack the 2500 soldiers by sending half behind and half in front
All 250 of the soldiers are going to be slaughtered. -
The Election of 1876
Boss Tweed wants to nominate Samuel Tilden as President so he could have the President in his pocket. The Governor of Ohio was Rutherford B. Hays is going to be nominated for President by the Demos. The Representators of South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana are going to make a deal with the Republican Senators and have them confirm that Hays won the vote in their State in return for Martial Law to end in their State. -
Period: to
President Rutherford B. Hayes
The first term of Haye's presidency -
Period: to
The New South
Refers to a post-Civil War period in the South when efforts were made to modernize the region's economy, diversify industry, and integrate with the rest of the United States. While some successes were achieved in industrializing certain areas, the South still struggled with poverty, racial inequality, and the lingering effects of slavery. The only industry that is going to move South is the Cotton Textile Industry due to cheap labor and the lack of working condition regulations. -
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Denis Kearney is one of the workers who is laid off from the recent recession and is going to start a movement to punish the Chinese for the recession which is not their fault. Riots are going to break out all over Cali blaming the Chinese and the Chinese are going to fight back. The Senators of California are going to push the Chinese Exclusion Act which is going to prohibit any further Chinese immigration. This law is unconstitutional but nobody is going to bring it to court until 1932. -
The Election of 1884
The Reps are going to see how much the people supported reform and so they nominate a Half Breed, James Blaine. The Demos are going to nominate a true Reformer, Grover Cleveland for President. The Mugwumps are Reps who stick by Grover Cleveland even though he is a Demo but they were Half Breeds and pro-reform and didn’t want Blaine because he accepted bribes. Grover Cleveland is going to be the first Demo to win the Election since the Civil War. -
Period: to
President Grover Cleveland
First term of Cleveland's presidency -
The Haymarket Square Rally
The Knights of Labor want to expand the 8 hour work day to all workers. So they are going to have a big rally in Haymarket Square and 50k people show up. Someone is going to throw a bomb and many people die. Rioting is going to breakout and at least 8 policemen are killed. Police are going to arrest 8 people who all are Anarchists. The Knights of Labor now have a tainted name and is going to steadily decrease in power due to all the skilled workers refusing to be affiliated with the KoL. -
The American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers will form this union of only skilled workers. The AFL advocated for improved wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. They were very successful due to improving ways for workers to protest, combining strikes with boycotts, and requiring membership for working in certain industries. By 1900, they have half a million members. -
The Dawes Act
Allows individual Indians on the reservation to buy plots of land that they can own and pass down to their children. Its primary goal was to break up tribal lands into individual allotments, aiming to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society by encouraging them to farm and ranch. -
The Interstate Commerce Act
The first law that creates a federal regulatory agency to monitor illegal practices. To regulate interstate commerce in America and forms the Interstate Commerce Commission. It is also going to regulate and make Rebates and Kickbacks illegal. It also going to make Railroads to establish permanent rates that are published. It's going to make Variable Rates illegal and make Long Hall, Short Hall Rates illegal. It prohibited discrimination based on how much you shipped -
The Election of 1888
Grover Cleveland is renominated by the Democrats in the Election of 1888. The Republicans are going to nominate Benjamin Harrison. The Election was going to come down to the tariffs and Cleveland wanted to lower the already high tariffs while the Republicans are going to fight this. Harrison wins the election. -
Period: to
President Benjamin Harrison
The first term of Harrison's presidency -
The Peace Policy of 1889
Allows the Burau of Indian Affairs to take the children of Indian parents and put them in boarding schools in the Eastern Schools. Was to force the children to become more like Americans. -
Wounded Knee
One of the biggest Indian Massacres in American History. There was a huge revival among the Indians in reservations and they started to believe in the Ghost Dance Ceremony were their ancestors would be resurrected and help them fight against the Americans. The plan was to round up the Indians who were participating in the Ghost Dance Ceremony and put them all on one reservation. In one transportation all of the Indians being transported were killed in the gun fire. -
The First Pan-American Congress
The United States is going to host the first Pan American Conference. Going to be a meeting between important leaders from the United States and Canada. Held in San Francisco and every country in the America's is going to send a representative. It aimed to foster closer political and commercial relations among the nations of the Americas. Going to led to the formation of the Pan American Union which is an organization between the American Countries. -
The McKinley Tariff
Highest tariff rates in that point in American History and doubles the tariff rates. Going to hurt farmers because their tools are mainly made of steel and the prices are overwhelming now. The Farmers are going to get together in the Midwest and decide to organize and make the Farmers Alliance in the Midwest. (Unsuccessful due to race division) -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
This law makes any practice that restrains fair competitive trade illegal. This law is going to allow the Department of Justice to break up any company that is found by the courts, and break it into enough pieces to allow a competitive environment -
The Election of 1892
The Farmers in the Midwest and the West had enough and are going to form the Populist Party who elect James Weaver. The Demos will elect Grover Cleveland again while the Reps elect Benjamin Harrison. The Populist Party will take votes in the West and Midwest away for the Reps. Cleveland will win because of this. -
Period: to
President Grover Cleveland
Cleveland's second term of presidency -
The Depression of 1893
This was the worst Depression that the US has suffered to this point. This is caused by overspeculation on the growth of cities because of the industrial revolution, decrease in industrial production, foreign countries not taking silver coinage which decreases the dollar value, and farm foreclosures. Unemployment is going to go to 12% which is double than the last panic. Over 600 banks are going to close and over 150 Railroads are going to go bankrupt. -
The Pullman Strike
Due to The Panic of 1893 and the since the Pullman Cars were luxury things, they aren’t going to sell. Pullman is going to cut his workers' wages, but is not going to cut the rent and the things they had to buy at their company stores. Eugene Debs is going to step in to help the strike, but he is an Anarchist. The Strikers are going to get violent in a march. Grover Cleveland is going to send in the army to make sure that these protests get out of hand which only makes the protesters angrier. -
Wilson Gorman Tariff
Aimed to lower tariffs on imports. This act was a response to the Panic of 1893. -
The Election of 1896
The Republicans are going to get a man named Mark Hanna the kingmaker to help. Is going to nominate William McKinley. Mark Hanna tells McKinley to run on these two issues, the Gold Standard and even higher tariffs. The Democrats are going to nominate Williams Jennings Brian who is a populist. He is going to support Bimetallism which is the coining of both Gold and Silver which is embraced by farmers. McKinley will win this election through the manipulation of workers through Hanna. -
Plessy v Ferguson
Jim Crow Laws are laws that require legal segregation in "Separate but Equal" facilities and treatment for the races. The laws will be tried by SCOTUS where it states that "Separate but Equal" Facilities for the races were allowed by the Constitution. The KKK will flare up again because of the laws and are going to use their intimidation to keep blacks from voting. -
Period: to
President William McKinley
The first term and second term of McKinley's presidency -
Period: to
The Progressive Era
Progressives were interested in establishing a more transparent and accountable government which would work to improve U.S. society. These reformers favored such policies as civil service reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers. To revitalize democracy, progressives established direct primary elections, direct election of senators, initiatives and referendums, and women's suffrage. -
The Teller Amendment
Says that if the United States wins the war with Spain, it does not intend to keep Cuba, but will guide Cuba to become an independent Country -
The Spanish-American War
Tensions rise between the US, Cuba, and Spain as the Cubans start rioting the Spanish oppressors. February 15, 1898 there is a huge explosion, and the Maine sinks to the bottom of Havana Harbor, and over 260 American Marines and Sailors are going to die. The Americans are going to start demanding war because the assumption that the Spanish blew up the Maine. McKinley doesn't want to go to war, and is going to send down the navy to see why the Maine exploded -
The Treaty of Paris of 1899
Cuba is going to become an American Protectorate which means it is controlled and protected by a larger country, America. Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam are annexed into the United States. Guam is a small island in the Pacific where the US wanted to be used as a ship fueling station. The United States pay Spain 20 Million dollars. -
The Boxer Rebellion
These European Countries are going to start pushing more inland, influencing their culture. A group of Chinese men are going form the "Boxers" who resent the Europeans because they start influencing Chinese customs and culture. In 1899, the Boxers are going to rebel and they are attacking and killing Europeans, burning their homes. The rebels have the advantage at first but the Europeans will send their troops and put down the rebellion and it’s a very bloody rebellion. -
The Gold Standard Act of 1900
Going to put the United States on the Gold Standard until metal standards are no longer used. This was the end of bimetallism. -
The Foraker Act
Established a civilian government for Puerto Rico, which had become a U.S. territory after the Spanish-American War. -
Open Door Policy
The Europeans decide to gather an all European Army to go in and take out the Emperor by pushing through the rest of China in response to the Boxer Rebellion. Secretary of State John Hay managed to get President McKinley to pass the Open Door Policy with Europe to prevent them from taking China. This policy will protect the sovereignty of China, keep the emperor on the throne, and allow the European nations to control their spheres of influence while having them allow anyone else to trade there. -
The Platt Amendment
In the law that give Cuba its independence, there is the Platt Amendment which places certain conditions on Cuba. It first says that Cuba cannot enter on a treaty with a foreign country without the permission of the US, cannot accept any foreign loans unless without permission of the US, the US will keep the right to intervene in Cuba if there is a threat their government might be overthrown, and the US will rent land around Guantanamo Bay for 1 dollar per year for a naval and air base. -
The Insular Cases
Determined the legal status of US territories acquired in the Spanish-American War, like Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Are going to take place where they decide if Puerto Rico will have the same rights as American Citizens. The Supreme Court is going to rule that they do not unless specifically given, they don’t have the protection of the US Constitution. -
McKinley's Assassination and President Theodore Roosevelt
William McKinley is going to be assassinated and vice Theodore Roosevelt is going to become the President of the United States. He is going to be very aggressive in his foreign policy, and developed the moto, "Speak softly and carry a big stick". -
Period: to
President Theodore Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt's first and second term in presidency -
The Hay Bunau-Varilla Treaty
America will fund the Panamanians to fight for independence against the Columbians if the US gets land for the canal and so they win. Panama gives the US a 10 mile wide piece of land. In return the US would pay Panama 10 mil for the land and pay them a 250k lease on the land as well. The US would build military bases, as well as housing for the people working at the canal. The rest of Latin America didn’t like this, and they called the US the "Bully from the North" -
The Roosevelt Corollary the Monroe Doctrine
A big rivalry between countries in Europe are planning on using debt as an excuse to expand into the Central and Southern American Countries. So Theodore Roosevelt changes the doctrine saying that if any American countries gets too deeply in debt, them the United States will send in troops and advisors to ensure that the debt is paid. The Latin American Countries see this as being a bully again. -
Treaty of Portsmith and Intervention in the Russo-Japanese War
Russia and Japan were fighting over control of Korea and Manchuria and Theodore Roosevelt will invite both government to the US to try and settle. They decide to the Treaty of Portsmith, bringing an end to the war. This work awarded Roosevelt with the Nobel Peace Prize to be received by an American. -
Period: to
The Great Migration
Movement of approximately six million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West. This massive migration was driven by a combination of push factors in the South, such as racial violence and economic hardship, and pull factors in the North, such as job opportunities in factories. These new migrant workers will be one of the main groups of post-war workers. -
The Election of 1912
The Demos are going to nominate reformer Woodrow Wilson. The Reps have a sitting President, William Howard Taft. Theodore Roosevelt disagreed with Taft over his handling of Roosevelt's conservation acts, and after losing the Rep nomination he will break away and form the Bull Moose Party. This party will divide the Reps and allow Wilson to win, being the second Demo to win since 1866. Wilson will show America that he will be a different type of president. -
Period: to
President Woodrow Wilson
Wilson's first and second term of presidency -
The Federal Reserve Act
Going to be the most important economic law passed between the Civil War and the Great Depression. It creates 12 regional banks that control the amount of currency in circulation and therefore controls the value of the currency. These heads of these 12 banks are going to meet in what is called the Federal Reserve Board and they control the interest rate that the Regional Banks would charge private banks to loan them money. -
Huerta's Takeover of Mexico
Mexico during this time had a Republic modeled after the US but when Victoriano Huerta an army general, is going to stage a coupe and take control of the government and take it by force. Woodrow Wilson is not going to recognize Huerta the leader of Mexico because of his upbringing in the Presbyterian Church -
Henry Ford and the Assembly Line
Ford combined the principles of interchangeable parts, subdivided labor, and continuous flow to create his moving assembly line. The Ford assembly line dramatically reduced production time (from over 12 hours to 1 hour 33 minutes) and ultimately made the Model T affordable for the average American, changing the landscape of car ownership. -
The Federal Trade Commission Act and The Clayton-Anti-Trust Act
The FTC Act creates the Federal Trade Commission and is there job to attack businesses that use unfair business practices. Its first act was recommend to Congress the Clayton Anti-Trust Act. This increases the number of business practices that would be illegal and increased the punishment for engaging in unfair business practices. Also completely legalize labor unions right to strike and picket. It acts as a strengthener to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. -
The Tampico Incident
An American Ship called the Dolphin goes into Tampico Harbor. A police officer there says that 1 of the 4 sailor disrespected him and arrested them. Then released because of the trouble it would have caused. The sailors went back to the ship with their supplies and the left the harbor but they needed permission to leave the port. They wanted an official written apology because of the incident and also a 21 gun salute to the Mexican Flag. The ship refuses and just barges out instead. -
Period: to
World War I
World War 1 starts on July 28th 1914 when Austria-Hungry declares war on Serbia. Central Powers included Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. The Allied Powers included Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and Japan, then US later. As soon as War breaks out, Woodrow Wilson declares a Proclamation of Neutrality because it's not their war. Both Sides want America to join to war and use Propaganda where they stretched the truth to get someone to take their side in a dispute. -
The Sinking of the Lusitania
A German U-boat will sink the British Passenger Liner the Lusitania about 20 miles off the coast of Ireland. This kills about a 1000 passengers and about 108 of them were Americans. Woodrow Wilson is going to give Germany an Ultimatum. Either they stop Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, or the United States is going to declare war. Kaiser Wilhelm II is going to issue the Sussex Pledge which says Germany would not attack anymore passenger ships and it would warn all the other ships before attacking. -
The Election of 1916
Charles Even Hughes who is a Republican is going to be nominated for President by attacking Wilson that he has hurt the economy by the extensive tariffs and breaking up trusts. The Democrats are going to renominate Woodrow Wilson based his campaign of "He kept us out of war." Wilson will win due to this winning the South and Ohio. -
The US Enters WWI
The US will enter the war due to the Zimmerman Telegram, British Propaganda, the Sinking of the Lusitania, and ultimately Germany announcing they will continue Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. John J. Pershing is elected by Wilson to lead the American Expeditionary Force in Europe. -
Period: to
The First Red Scare
Period of widespread fear and political repression in the United States, fueled by anxieties about communism, socialism, and anarchism. This period followed World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, leading to a surge in anti-immigrant and anti-radical sentiment. -
Chateau Thierry and the Battle of Argonne Forest
The Battle of Chateau Thierry was one of the first engagements made by Pershing and the AEF in WWI. It was a defensive battle aimed at defending a German last ditch push. Then at the Battle of Argonne Forest, the AEF will lead a counter attack against the Germans, pushing them back into their land and effectively ending the war. -
The Treaty of Versailles
Purpose was to seal the defeat of Germany and weaken it to the extent that it would never again be able to make war. Germany would have to accept blame for the war, pay GB and France reparations, turn most of its navy to GB and build no new warships, limit their army to 100k and are not allowed past the Rhineland, and give land to Poland and Czechoslovakia. Wilson will only get self-determination and the League of Nations into the treaty from his 14 Points. -
The American Legion
The Soldiers were expecting a bonus where they would be paid the amount of money that they would of made when they were fighting the war. Because the government was in debt, they were reluctant to pay. Veterans are going to form a new organization called the American Legion and they are going to lead the fight for bonuses. Going to get Congress to pass the Adjustive Compensation Act which is going to give every veteran an insurance policy and they could cash it in as their bonus after 20 years. -
The 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act
This amendment ALLOWS Congress to pass a law that prohibits the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Right after this amendment was ratified, Congress is going to pass the Volstead Act which was the law that creates prohibition. The driving force of passing this law was the Women's Christian Temperance Union. However, this law was ineffective as bootlegging of alcohol skyrocketed increasing illegal activities like organized crime. This would later create the FBI to counter. -
The 19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gives American women the right to vote. This is the last thing that the Woodrow Wilson administration does when they propose this to Congress in 1918. This is due because of how the women worked so hard and took up jobs during World War 1 and was widely successful. -
Period: to
The Roaring Twenties
Period in American history of dramatic social, economic and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. This era saw a boom in consumerism, with the rise of automobiles, radios, and other appliances. Socially, women gained the right to vote, and flappers emerged as a symbol of newfound freedom and challenge to traditional norms. Music, particularly jazz, became incredibly popular, and the decade saw a rise in mass entertainment like movies. -
Black Tuesday
On October 1929, everyone is trying to sell off their stocks and in return nobody is buying leading to the Stock Market crashing, thus begins the Great Depression as everyone starts losing their money. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
A severe global economic downturn, characterized by widespread unemployment, poverty, and the collapse of international trade. Key factors contributing to the Great Depression include the stock market crash of 1929, banking panics, the gold standard, and decreased international lending and tariffs. The stock market crash triggered a crisis that spread globally, leading to bank failures, increased unemployment, and a decline in industrial production. -
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff
It was intended to protect American industries from foreign competition, particularly during the early stages of the Great Depression. However, it's widely viewed as a failure because it led to retaliatory tariffs from other countries, which further reduced global trade and deepened the economic downturn. -
The Election of 1932
The Reps will elect Herbert Hoover while the Demos elect Franklin D. Roosevelt. Because of having polio, isn't going to be able to campaign around the county, so he has his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt is going to push his campaign. Eleanor will also organize the League of Women Voters and promotes civil rights. Franklin Roosevelt is also going to use the radio to connect with all the families in America. Promises Americans a New Deal to lead them out of the Depression. FDR will win by landslide. -
Period: to
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
FDR's first, second, and third term in presidency. -
Hitler's Rise to Power
Adolf Hitler is going to become the leader in Germany, and is going to become the leader of the Nazi Party. Going to be very popular in Germany because he ignores the Versailles Treaty and opposes Anti-Semitism. Going to march is army into the Rhineland, but France and Britain are going to protest but not stop him. Going to go to Czechoslovakia and take it as well. Preaches about hating the Jews and promises to get the Germans back to work. -
Period: to
FDR's New Deal Program
A series of domestic programs enacted under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. They had the goals of Relief, Recovery, Reform. Most of these acts will work to improve the lives of Americans and provide jobs. Some Relief laws included the Glass Steagall Banking Reform Act, Federal Emergency Relief Act; Recovery laws included CCC, WPA, AAA; Reform laws included the Social Security Act, Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standard Act, Securities Exchange Act. -
Period: to
World War II
World War II (1939–1945) was a global conflict involving the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) and the Allies (primarily the U.S., Britain, USSR, and China). Sparked by Germany's invasion of Poland, it led to massive battles, the Holocaust, and the atomic bombings of Japan. The war ended with Axis defeat, reshaping global politics, leading to the Cold War, and the creation of the United Nations. Over 70 million people died worldwide. -
The Lend Lease Act
Where the United States gives Great Britain war material to use during the war, and after the war they would give it back -
Pearl Harbor and America's Entrance Into WWII
Japanese aircrafts are going to attack Pearl Harbor Hawaii where they will destroy over half the American Pacific Fleet. Going to kill over 3500 Americans and we never saw this coming. On December 8, 1941 the Americans are going to Declare war on Japan. Adolf Hitler ignoring his advisors is going to declare war on the United States on December 11, 1941. -
Executive Order 9066
Being one of the worst laws in the United States, it is going to empower the FBI, and the Armed Security Forces to investigate any Japanese Americans living in Hawaii, or in the West Coast who might be considered Security risks and if they find that they are they are arrested and taken to live in containment camps for the duration of the war. -
The Battle of Midway
Turning point in the Pacific Theater of WWII. Was the Japanese second attempt to take out the American Aircraft Carriers by attacking Midway and having the American Aircraft carriers to help and then destroying them. Americans break the code and know this time that this is coming. After Midway the Americans are going to do nothing but win and squeeze the Japanese back toward their home island of Japan. -
D-Day
Was the largest amphibious invasion in world history. Going involve 250,000 men, 6,000 ships, and over 20,000 planes. Then going to push the Germans back out of France into their own border in only 6 months. -
The GI Bill
A federal law that provides financial aid to veterans and their dependents to cover the costs of education, training, and other related expenses. It was originally created to help World War II veterans transition back to civilian life and has been expanded over the years to include various programs for different veterans and their families. -
Hitler Commits Suicide and Germany's Surrender
With the Soviets closing in, on May the 5th 1945, Adolf Hitler commits Suicide. On May 8th 1945, Germany surrenders to the Americans and the British. -
The First Atomic Bombs and Japan's Surrender
On August 6th 1945, the United States would drop the world's first Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Going to drop the second Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki. On August 10, Japan is going to ask for the Emperor to remain on the throne and then they are going to surrender. The formal surrender is not going to end until September 2, 1945 which is going to be the end of WWII. -
Period: to
President Harry S. Truman
Truman's first and second term in presidency -
The Truman Doctrine
Is going to say that the United States will loan money to any country who requests it, if it is being threatened by a communist takeover. First test was in Greece and Turkey, when Communist Guerillas are going to be fighting a war to try to overthrow the democratic government of those countries. In accordance with the Truman Doctrine, that 400 million dollars be sent to Greece and Turkey. -
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
A multilateral trade agreement signed in 1947 to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers. It established the framework for international trade negotiations and dispute resolution, eventually leading to the creation of the WTO in 1995. -
Period: to
The Cold War
Period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. It was characterized by a rivalry in ideology (capitalism vs. communism), military buildup, and proxy conflicts, but never direct large-scale warfare between the two superpowers. -
Period: to
McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare
McCarthyism refers to the period of intense anti-Communist suspicion and political repression in the US. It's primarily associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy, who led a campaign of public accusations and investigations, often with little or no evidence, against individuals suspected of disloyalty or communist affiliations. These actions will culminate in what is ultimately known as the Second Red Scare with McCarthy's actions driving communist fear across America. -
The Marshall Plan
Where the United States would give very low interest loans to any country that was trying to rebuild from WWII. -
The Berlin Airlift
Where Western Allied powers, including the United States and Great Britain, successfully supplied West Berlin by air after the Soviet Union blocked all land and rail access to the city in 1948. This airlift was a critical act of defiance against Soviet aggression and a major turning point in the Cold War, demonstrating the West's resolve to support Berlin and contain Soviet expansion. -
The Creation of Israel and Middle Eastern Tension
David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the independence of the new State of Israel. The country met with a great deal of international opposition as well as a great deal of support as a potential haven for the many victims of the German persecution of Jews in Europe. However, the creation of Israel will harm US relations with the Middle East and will directly cause a shortage of oil. -
NATO
Military alliance of 32 countries from North America and Europe. It's based on the principle of collective defense, meaning an attack on one member is considered an attack on all. NATO's primary purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its member countries through political and military means. -
Period: to
The Korean War
It was a major proxy war of the Cold War, with the United States and its UN allies backing South Korea, and China and the Soviet Union supporting North Korea. The war ended with an armistice but no peace treaty, leaving Korea divided along the 38th parallel. -
Period: to
The Sunbelt State Migration
This period saw a major shift in US population from older northern and midwestern cities to the Sunbelt, which encompasses the South and Southwest. Air conditioning made the warmer climate more appealing, while advancements in transportation and communication further facilitated the migration. -
Period: to
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Eisenhower's first and second presidential term -
Brown v Board of Education
The Supreme Court is going to rule that laws that required legal segregation violated the 14th Amendment and was a violation to the Constitution. Also said that all states should de-segregate all their public schools as soon as possible. This effectively nullifies Plessy v Ferguson. -
Period: to
The Civil Rights Movement
Period of intense activism and legal battles in the United States aimed at securing equal rights for African Americans, ending racial segregation, and addressing discrimination. Key events included the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Brown v. Board of Education decision, the March on Washington, and the passage of landmark legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
The Warsaw Pact
Officially the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty formed in 1955 during the Cold War. It was a military alliance between the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc socialist republics. The pact was established as a response to the formation of NATO and the inclusion of West Germany in the alliance. The Warsaw Pact served as a counterbalance to NATO, aiming to maintain Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
A significant protest in the Civil Rights Movement where African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to ride city buses to challenge segregated seating. This boycott, lasting from December 1955 to December 1956, was sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. -
Period: to
The Vietnam War
Conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The war was also part of a larger regional conflict and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. -
The Eisenhower Doctrine
Where the United States will send military aid to any country to resist Communist Takeover. The US will send over advisers to bring and teach the Viennese people how to use more modern weapons in the Vietnam War. -
The Little Rock Crisis
The nine Black students, known as the Little Rock Nine, faced significant resistance when attempting to enroll, including the use of the Arkansas National Guard by Governor Orval Faubus to prevent their entry. Federal troops, eventually deployed by President Eisenhower, were necessary to enforce the desegregation order, ensuring the students' safety and allowing them to attend classes. This became a focal point of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Sputnik
Launched by the Soviet Union, it was a significant event that marked the beginning of the Space Age and the Cold War's Space Race -
Fidel Castro's Takeover of Cuba
After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's prime minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination, economic embargo, and counter-revolution, including the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961 -
The Election of 1960
Demo John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Rep Vice Pres. Richard M. Nixon. Kennedy thus became the first Roman Catholic and the youngest person ever elected president. Kennedy is going to have an aggressive domestic policy for the United States called The New Freedom. This program introduces programs such as the Peace Corp, VISTA, and NASA. -
Period: to
President John F. Kennedy
The first term as president of Kennedy -
Kennedy's Assassination and President Lyndon B. Johnson
John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, was assassinated while riding in a presidential motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. His vice Lyndon B. Johnson will take over. -
The March on Washington
Where over 250,000 people gathered to advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It was a landmark event in the civil rights movement, culminating in Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial. The march aimed to pressure the government to pass civil rights legislation and address issues like employment discrimination and the lack of voting rights. -
The Cuban Missile Crisis
A 13-day confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union, brought on by the Soviet Union secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from the US. The crisis brought the world to the brink of nuclear war before a negotiated agreement was reached. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev engaged in tense negotiations, and a deal was reached to withdraw the missiles in exchange for US promises not to invade Cuba and the secret removal of US missiles from Turkey. -
Period: to
President Lyndon B. Johnson
the first and second term of Johnson's presidency after JFK's assassination -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It ended segregation in public accommodations, banned discriminatory practices in employment, education, and more, and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson but was originally proposed by JFK before his assassination. -
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Where an American Battleship was to go within 25 miles of North Vietnam and drop anchor and then North Vietnam is going to send out their navy. President Johnson is going to announce to the American public that an American Battleship was traveling in international waters when it was fired upon the North Viennese Navy. Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and says that President Johnson has the authority to do whatever he feels is necessary to respond to the aggression of north Vietnam. -
The Election of 1964
Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Republican Senator Barry Goldwater in a landslide victory. Johnson will escalate the Vietnam War, initiate "The Great Society" programs aimed at addressing poverty and social inequality. He will also pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
The Great Society
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960s, aiming to address poverty, racial injustice, and social inequality in the United States. It included initiatives like Medicare and Medicaid, the Voting Rights Act, and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
A landmark piece of legislation that prohibits discrimination in voting based on race, color, or membership in a language minority group. It was enacted to ensure equal access to the ballot box for all citizens, particularly African Americans, who had been historically disenfranchised. The Act's importance lies in its ability to combat voter suppression and ensure that all voices are heard in the democratic process. -
The Election of 1968
Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968, a tumultuous year that witnessed the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, as well as the splintering of the Democratic Party. Internationally, he pursued détente with the Soviet Union, opened relations with China, and implemented the "Vietnamization" policy in Vietnam. -
The Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was shot and killed by James Earl Ray, who was later apprehended and sentenced to prison. The assassination sparked widespread grief and unrest, leading to riots in numerous cities across the United States. -
Period: to
President Richard Nixon
Nixon's first and second term as president -
Vietnamization
Introduced by President Richard Nixon, this strategy aimed to gradually reduce American involvement in the Vietnam War by transferring the responsibility of combat to the South Vietnamese army. -
The Moon Landing
The first crewed mission to land on the Moon was Apollo 11 in 1969, where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the lunar surface. This effectively outclassed the Soviet-sent satellite Sputnik. -
The Kent State Massacre
The Ohio National Guard opened fire on a crowd of students protesting the Vietnam War and the invasion of Cambodia, killing four students and injuring nine others. The shootings were triggered by escalating tensions surrounding the Vietnam War and the U.S. military's involvement in Cambodia, leading to nationwide protests and student strikes. -
Period: to
The Digital Revolution
The rapid advancement of computers and the internet, transforming American life and work. This revolution created new industries, reshaped existing ones, and profoundly impacted communication, shopping, entertainment, and work. Major milestones include the World Wide Web (1991), Amazon (1994), Google (1998), Facebook (2004), and the iPhone (2007). The development and widespread adoption of personal computers and the internet led to significant changes in how Americans lived and worked. -
The Watergate Scandal and Nixon's Resignation
A significant political scandal in American history, stemmed from a 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C. The ensuing investigation revealed a series of illegal activities, including a cover-up by the Nixon administration, ultimately leading to President Richard Nixon's resignation. -
Nixon's Diplomacy with China
A. historic diplomatic breakthrough that marked the beginning of a new era of engagement between the US and China, moving away from decades of isolation and hostility. Nixon and Kissinger discussed issues with Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong, with China assuring no intervention in the Vietnam War and the US promising to prevent Japan from acquiring nuclear weapons. Nixon's opening to China also had a significant impact on negotiations with the Soviet Union, which feared a potential US-China alliance. -
SALT I
The first round of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, a series of negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union. The primary goal of SALT I was to limit the development and deployment of strategic nuclear weapons and missile defense systems. The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was a key outcome, limiting ABM systems to two sites per country. Additionally, the Interim Agreement capped the number of ICBMs and SLBMs. -
US Withdraws From Vietnam
This marked the end of the US's eight-year direct military intervention in the war. While the peace accords aimed to end the conflict, the fighting continued between North and South Vietnam, eventually leading to the fall of Saigon in 1975. -
Roe v Wade
The Supreme Court determined that a woman's right to choose an abortion is protected by the right to privacy, which is implied by the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. -
The Iranian Hostage Crisis
The Iran hostage crisis began on November 4, 1979, when Iranian students seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and held more than 50 Americans hostage for 444 days. The crisis was sparked by the Iranian Revolution, which had overthrown the pro-American Shah, and the subsequent decision by President Jimmy Carter to allow the Shah into the United States for medical treatment. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981, after the signing of the Algiers Accords. -
SALT II
The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) was a bilateral agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union signed in 1979, aiming to limit strategic nuclear weapons and their delivery systems. While the treaty was never ratified by the U.S. Senate, both countries largely adhered to its terms. It aimed to create a more comprehensive framework for arms control than SALT I, including limits on the number of strategic launchers and restrictions on certain weapons systems like MIRVs. -
The Election of 1980
Republican nominee, former California governor Ronald Reagan, defeated incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter in a landslide victory. Reagan promised a restoration of the nation's military strength at a time when 60 percent of Americans polled felt defense spending was too low. Reagan also promised an end to "trust me government", and to restore economic health by implementing a supply-side economic policy. -
The Moscow Olympics Boycott
Led by the United States, it was a response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, where over 60 countries boycotted the games, including the United States, Canada, and many Western European nations. In retaliation, the Soviet Union and its allies boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. -
Period: to
President Ronald Reagan
Reagan's first and second presidential term -
The Reagan Doctrine
US foreign policy strategy implemented during the late Cold War, aiming to roll back Soviet influence globally. It involved providing aid to anti-communist resistance movements and guerrillas in countries like Afghanistan, Nicaragua, and others. The doctrine contributed to the end of the Cold War by undermining Soviet influence and weakening the communist bloc. -
The Iran-Contra Affair
Political scandal during the Reagan administration involving the secret sale of weapons to Iran by the U.S. government, with the profits then funneled to the Contras, a rebel group fighting the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. This was done while Congress had banned direct aid to the Contras. -
Glasnost and Perestroika
Glasnost and Perestroika were two major reforms implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union during the late 1980s. Glasnost, meaning "transparency" or "openness," aimed to increase freedom of speech, information, and media, while Perestroika, meaning "restructuring," focused on reforming the Soviet economy. By giving new freedoms and changing the economy, the Soviet Union will being to collapse under its own weight. -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, was a pivotal moment symbolizing the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. It marked the first step towards German reunification and inspired resistance movements across the region, ultimately leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. -
The Persian Gulf War
A conflict primarily between a US-led coalition and Iraq, triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The war aimed to liberate Kuwait and restore its sovereignty, with the coalition forces ultimately achieving this goal through a combination of air and ground operations. -
The Fall of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union dissolved on December 26, 1991, marking the end of a communist superpower and the end of the Cold War. This event was preceded by a series of internal crises, including economic stagnation, political stagnation, and ethnic separatism. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms aimed at modernizing and democratizing the country inadvertently weakened centralized power, leading to the collapse. -
Period: to
President Bill Clinton
Clinton's first and second presidential term -
NAFTA
A major trade deal between the United States, Canada, and Mexico that went into effect on January 1, 1994 during President Bill Clinton’s administration (though it was negotiated by George H. W. Bush). The goal was to eliminate most tariffs and trade barriers between the three countries. Created one of the largest free-trade zones in the world. -
The World Trade Organization
GATT had been in place since 1948 and laid the groundwork for the WTO by providing rules for international trade. The WTO was formalized through the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 countries in April 1994, and created a new framework for liberalizing trade, including trade in services and intellectual property. The WTO has played a significant role in facilitating trade, promoting economic growth, and helping developing economies integrate into the global trading system -
Period: to
President George W. Bush
Bush's first and second presidential term -
9/11
19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes. They crashed two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, causing them to collapse. Another plane was flown into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania after passengers and crew fought back against the hijackers, who were targeting Washington, D.C. The attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. -
The Patriot Act
US federal law passed in response to the September 11th terrorist attacks. It expanded the surveillance powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies, aiming to enhance national security and combat terrorism. However, it also sparked debate about the balance between national security and civil liberties. -
Period: to
The War on Terror
The War on Terror, launched by the U.S. in 2001 after the 9/11 attacks, is a global campaign against terrorism. It encompasses military actions like Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, as well as diplomatic, financial, and law enforcement efforts to counter terrorism. The stated goal is to eliminate international terrorism and disrupt terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda. -
The Great Recession
The Great Recession, which began in late 2007, was a severe global economic downturn primarily caused by a housing bubble and subsequent financial crisis. Lax lending practices, excessive borrowing, and the failure of government regulation contributed to the crisis. The bursting of the housing bubble led to widespread foreclosures, decreased home values, and a decline in overall economic activity. -
The Election of 2008
Barack Obama beat Hillary Clinton to win the Democrat's presidential nomination for the election of 2008. The Republicans nominated John McCain for president and Sarah Palin for vice president. McCain had extensive experience in government, while Palin had no experience and was not politically astute. Another recession hit the American economy in 2008. Obama won the election of 2008 by a large margin. -
Period: to
President Barrack Obama
Obama's first and second term in presidency -
Obamacare
"Obamacare," formally the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is a U.S. healthcare law enacted in 2010 aimed at expanding health insurance coverage and addressing healthcare costs. It offers various benefits, including subsidies to help individuals afford insurance, expanded Medicaid eligibility, and the requirement that insurance plans cover certain essential health benefits. -
The Execution of Osama Bin Laden
The death of Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda, was a significant event in the war on terror, marking a symbolic blow against the organization. While it initially resulted in some al-Qaeda sympathizers, the event also led to a diminished global threat and a sense of justice for the victims of 9/11 and other attacks. Bin Laden's death removed a key leader and figurehead for al-Qaeda, potentially weakening their ability to inspire and motivate supporters