Aristophanes

Birthdate

445 BCE

Although little is known about Aristophanes' life, we do know he was born 445 BCE to a wealthy family. His mother was named Zenodora and his fathers name was Philippus. He was an Athenian citizen and apart of the Pandionis Clan.

Education

440 BCE

Based on his work, Aristophanes had an excellent education, and was well versed in literature, especially the poetry of Homer (eighth century b.c.e.) His work also indicated that he had a strong sense of knowledge of the latest philosophical theories of their time.

Marriages

439 BCE

Aristophanes was married, however his wife is unknown. During his era, women were considered second class citizens in classical Greek societies and often times were not allowed to leave their home or achieve an education. They're "only function" was to bear children and take care of their family. No year was found.

Children

434 BCE

Aristophanes had three children, all boys named Araros, Philippus, Nicostratus. There isn't much information on his children such as the year they were born or their death, however there is a few information on them. Araros was believed to have continued his fathers work by producing some of Aristophanes later plays and even wrote some of his own. Philippus and Nicostratus however have little to no imformation, however they may have been playwrights as well. No dates have been found.

Places He Lived

429 BCE

Although he remained an Athenian citizen throughout his life, there has been little information that suggest he's moved around. He mainly lived in Athens, but some information suggest he had connections to the Aegina Island. He is also believed to have been a member of local subdivision of Athens, showing he may have had land or residence in the area. Although no information indicates that he moved for a long period of time, political conflicts and the Peloponnesian War may have influenced him.

Health Issues

427 BCE

He had no known health issues or concerns. No dates were found.

His Plays/Studies

426 BCE

Aristophanes was known as the "father of comedy" due to many of his plays being comedy related. He wrote at least 40 plays however only 11 survived in full.

Type of Genres He Covered

425 BCE

He covered many types of topics and genres in his plays. He was most known for old comedy, often times included plays that were related to political topics such as criticizing important people of his time, Athenian societies, and war.

The Acharnians (425 BCE)

425 BCE

Plot: A poor Athenian farmer, Dikaiopolis, frustrated with the Peloponnesian War, makes his own private peace treaty with Sparta while the rest of Athens continues fighting.
Themes: War and peace, individualism, political hypocrisy.
Why It’s Famous: The earliest surviving anti-war comedy in history.

The Knights

424 BCE

Plot: A lowly sausage-seller competes against a corrupt politician (Cleon) and wins control of Athens by outdoing him in lies and deceit.
Themes: Corrupt leadership, demagoguery, power struggles.
Why It’s Famous: One of the earliest direct attacks on a living politician, mocking Cleon’s populist tactics.

The Clouds

423 BCE

Plot: An indebted farmer, Strepsiades, sends his son to Socrates’ Thinkery to learn how to use clever arguments and avoid paying debts. But his son ends up justifying beating his father instead.
Themes: Education, sophistry, morality.
Why It’s Famous: A major satire of Socrates, which may have influenced his later trial and execution.

The Wasps

422 BCE

Genre: Political Satire, Comedy
Themes: Corrupt legal system, generational conflict, addiction to lawsuits

Peace

421 BCE

Plot: A farmer, Trygaeus, flies to heaven on a giant dung beetle to rescue the goddess Peace, who has been imprisoned by the god of war.
Themes: Anti-war, absurdity of conflict, hope for peace.
Why It’s Famous: A direct plea for peace during the Peloponnesian War, performed right before the Peace of Nicias was signed.

Middle Ages

419 BCE

The Middle Ages was a long era in European history that lasted from about 476 CE (when the Western Roman Empire fell) to the 15th or 16th century, when the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration began. This is the era that Aristophanes lived in.

Conflicts During The Time He Was Alive

418 BCE

He lived through The Peloponnesian War, The Oligarchic Coup of 411 BCE, The Fall of Athens 404 BCE, and The Rule of the Thirty Tyrants 404-403

People Who Influenced His Writing

416 BCE

There was no specific person/people who influenced his writing, however he took inspiration from earlier playwrights, Athenian Politics/Society, Philosophers Intellectuals, and Greek Mythology/Religion.

Cultural Beliefs

416 BCE

Most of his work were based on values he and other Athenians had during the 5th-century BCE. His work provides insight into Athenian politics, social norms, gender roles, and philosophy. For example, women at the time were seen as inferior to men, so he often depicted women that way.

Death Date

385 BCE

Although exact details of his death are unknown, we do know he passed away some time around 386 BCE in Athens. There are no surviving ancient records describing how he died, but given his age he most likely passed due to natural causes.

Modern Era

1990

Aristophanes’ plays are still hold importance today. His plays have influence theater, literature, politics, and social issues. His sharp humor, political jokes, and bold ideas connect with modern discussions about war, democracy, corruption, gender roles, and free speech. No exact year.

Sources

2000

Aristophanes: Get to know the master of ancient greek comedy. TheCollector. (2024, March 28). https://www.thecollector.com/aristophanes-ancient-greek-comedy/ Aristophanes of kydathenaion. History Forum. (2011, September 26). https://historum.com/t/aristophanes-of-kydathenaion.140096/

Sources

2000

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Aristophanes summary. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Aristophanes#:~:text=450%E2%80%94died%20c.,and%20The%20Frogs%20(405). (KCL), P. S. (n.d.). An introduction to... aristophanes. APGRD. http://www.apgrd.ox.ac.uk/learning/an-introduction-to/an-introduction-to-aristophanes Wikimedia Foundation. (2025, January 31). Aristophanes. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristophanes