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First inaugural speech
Franklin D. Roosevelt comforts the American people in his First Inaugural Address in the midst of the Great Depression. He acknowledges their pain but urges them to be optimistic and collectively hopeful. He promises to fight hard against the national economic troubles and reinstate confidence. His time-worn phrase, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," reminds them that courage and collective effort are needed to overcome the crisis. -
Why sit here and die
Maria W. Stewart -
Sweat
zora neale hurston -
Brown v Board
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) was a Supreme Court case that ended racial segregation in public schools. The Court declared that Black and white children's schools being separate were unequal and unconstitutional. This decision battled racial segregation and was one of the largest steps in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Rosa parks
Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist who became famous for her refusal to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. Her act of defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was a key factor in the Civil Rights Movement. Parks' courage led others to also stand up against racial segregation, which ultimately led to the changing of laws that ended discrimination in public facilities. -
Emmett Till
In 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American from Chicago, was murdered while visiting Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a white woman. Her husband and his brother brutally beat him up, shot him, and rolled his body into a river with a heavy cotton gin fan tied to it. Till's murder and his mother's decision to display his mutilated body at his funeral sparked national outrage and became a turning point of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader and Baptist minister who promoted the utilization of nonviolent protest. He led and organized protests and marches, such as the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his now-renowned "I Have a Dream" speech. King's message and leadership led to profound transformations in U.S. laws, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
The Little Rock nine
The Little Rock Nine were nine African American students who started going to a previously all-white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. They faced bitter opposition and hostility, but they were protected by federal troops to go to school. Their bravery ended segregation in schools and was a crucial milestone in the Civil Rights Movement. The Little Rock Nine set the stage for school desegregation in schools throughout the United States. -
Ruby bridges
Ruby Bridges was the first African-American child to desegregate an all-white elementary school in the South, starting in 1960 in New Orleans. At six years old, she faced angry mobs and protests as she walked to school every day. Ruby continued despite the animosity and continued to attend school, helping to bring an end to racial segregation in schools. Her courage won her a major role in the Civil Rights Movement and a inspiration for generations to come. -
A letter to my nephew
In "A Letter to My Nephew," James Baldwin is addressing his nephew about the struggles Black people face in America. He informs him to study history, be resilient, and be hopeful in the quest for equality. Baldwin advises his nephew to be proud of himself and believe in the possibility of change. -
Birmingham Campaign
The 1963 Birmingham Campaign was a series of protests in Birmingham, Alabama, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders. They intended to put an end to segregation and racial suppression within the city. The protests included sit-ins, boycotts, and marches and were met with violent opposition from local government officials. Despite the brutality, the campaign led to profound reforms, such as the desegregation of public facilities in Birmingham. -
March on Washington
The 1963 Washington March was a huge civil rights and economic justice demonstration that attracted over 250,000. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his legendary "I Have a Dream" speech, calling for an end to racism. The march helped bring about the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
The civil rights act
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark bill that banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The bill ended segregation in public places like schools and restaurants and ensured equal access to jobs and voting rights. The bill was a key victory for the Civil Rights Movement and helped to fight racial injustice in America. -
Selma March
The 1965 Selma March was a series of protests conducted in Selma, Alabama, by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights movement leaders. The march was to protest for insistently demanding African Americans voting rights. Despite being attacked by police, the marchers stood firm, and their efforts culminated in the establishment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The march is a significant event in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Between the world and me
Ta-Nehisi Coates writes a letter to his young son, in which he delineates his observations of the condition of being Black in America. He reflects on the racial oppression that has taken place throughout history and the bodily and psychological fatigue it causes Black people. Coates writes about understanding the body, the self, and the world, and inviting his son to observe the challenge but also strive for personal power and truth. -
A 'Forgotten History' Of How The U.S. Government Segregated America
Terry Gross -
Crash Course Black American History #19
Cash course -
Code switch
Rainbow Coalition