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Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1896 that upheld racial segregation laws in the United States. The case involved Homer Plessy, an African American man who was arrested for sitting in a “whites-only” railroad car in Louisiana. The Court ruled that “separate but equal” facilities for Black and white people were constitutional, allowing segregation to continue for many years. This decision legitimized racial segregation and discrimination, particularly in the South. -
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Civil rights
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The green book
The Green Book, officially titled The Negro Motorist Green Book, was a travel guide published annually from 1936 to 1966. Created by Victor Hugo Green, an African American postal worker, it provided a list of safe places—such as hotels, restaurants, gas stations, and other businesses—that would serve Black travelers during a time when racial segregation and discrimination were widespread in the United States. The book helped African Americans avoid places where they might be denied service. -
Ida B Wells
Ida B. Wells was an African American journalist, educator, and early civil rights leader. She is best known for her courageous anti-lynching campaign, where she used her writing to expose the brutality and injustice of lynching in the United States. Wells’ investigative journalism led to widespread public awareness and pushed for anti-lynching laws. In addition to her work on racial equality, she was a co-founder of the NAACP and advocated for women’s rights, including suffrage. -
Brown v board
The brown v board case was a consolidation of five cases that came before the Supreme Court in 1952. Thurgood Marshall argued the case for the NAACP. Marshall argued that segregated schools were inherently unequal and that they made Black children feel inferior. -
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a mass protest that took place from December 1955 to December 1956. It was a response to racial segregation on the city bus system in Montgomery Alabama. -
Little Rock nine
The Little Rock Nine were nine African American students who desegregated Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their actions were a key part of the fight for civil rights in the United States -
The Greensboro sit in
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in 1960 that took place at a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro North Carolina. The protests were a major victory for the Civil Rights movement -
Freedom riders
The Freedom Riders were a group of civil rights activists who rode buses across the segregated South in 1961. Their goal was to end racial segregation in public transportation. -
Birmingham campaign
The Birmingham campaign was a series of protests in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963 that aimed to end racial segregation. The campaign was part of the Civil Rights Movement. -
March on Washington
The march on Washington was the largest march of its time. The march was used to advocate freedom for black Americans and equality. -
Freedom summer
Freedom Summer was a campaign launched by civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi -
Civil rights act 1964 IV
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other laws prohibit discrimination in education based on race, color, national origin, sex, disability, and age. These laws apply to all schools that receive federal funds including public and private schools. -
Civil right act of 1964
The civil right act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in public places and provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities and made employment discrimination illegal -
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It applies to hiring, firing, pay, job train-ing, and other employment decisions. -
Selma to Montgomery march
The Selma to Montgomery marches were a series of protests in 1965 that took place in Alabama to demand voting rights for African Americans -
Voting rights act of 1965
The voting rights act outlawed many discriminatory voting practices adopted in southern states after the Civil War including literacy tests. -
Loving v Virginia
Loving v. Virginia was a 1967 Supreme Court case that ruled against laws banning interracial marriage -
Fair house act
the Fair Housing Act was a federal law that prohibited discrimination in housing. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 11, 1968 -
Poor people’s campaign
The Poor People's campaign was a 1968 effort to gain economic justice for poor people in the United States -
University Of California Regents V Bakke
The University of California regent v bakke was a Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial quotas in its admissions process was unconstitutional