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Oct 2, 1500
Native Trading Systm
The barter system was the way in which the Natives traded. This usually occured in the summer when they met us to trade their hunting and agricultural surplus. -
Period: Oct 2, 1500 to
Econ and Development
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Oct 27, 1534
Jacques Cartier First Voyage
Jaques exploration to the Gulf of St.Lawrence and met the Amerindians and led to a trade of furs. Economic trade networks were then established in northern America between the sedentary farming nations ad the nomad hunting nations. These exchanges were also establishments of political and military alliances with the amerindiens. -
Fur Centered Economy
Trading posts were set up in New France after the French had arrived. They had introduced the trading system to the Amerindiens. -
Administration Entrusted to Trade Companies
When the new French colony began, the King of France gave the responsibility to populate and administrate of the colony to the trade companies. The chartered company system kept the population of the colony small and mostly male. -
Effect of a Fur Based Economy
Since the population wasn't big enough the French had to recruit Natives to ally with the French and the Native got the fur. The demand for fur got bigger so they had to expand the territory. New trading posts were built in Quebec and Tois-Rivieres. The Natives brought fur to the Trading posts and traded with the French for metals. -
Attempts to Diversify the Economy
Jean Talon was given the task to diversify the economy though all of his attempts failed. This was because of the mercantilsm system and there were not enogh people to keep up the demand for the fur and have other people working for other jobs too. It was very coslty. -
Beaver Crisis
This crisis lasted until 1715. There was a crisis in the fur industry because it was no longer considered fashoionable and there wasn't enough demand anymore. The King slowdown the fur trade. When it regained strength, the previously-stored furs were ruined. -
New Regions
After having noticed that the seigneuries were over populated, new regions were colonized. This was due to the timber industry. There were new regions such as Mauricie, Outaouais and Laurentides. -
The Fur Trade
The fur trade was now in the hands of the English due to to the British Regime. The rich English Business men had taken over after the French made their way back to France. -
Economic Policies
Britan and Canada end their protectonism treatment. Instead they decide to establsih the free trade which means no customs or duties. -
Timber Industry
After the blockade of Napoleon there was a rise in demand for timber. This led to the first Bank of Montreal in 1817 which allowed people to invest their money. As well as new jobs such as sawmills and loggers and new transportation. -
Merge of Fur Companies
In 1783 there was the creation of the North-West Company by the Americans which soon merged with the Hudson Bay Company. This turned out to be a success. -
Reciprocity Treaty
The USA and Canada agree on the Reciprocity Treaty, which lasted 10 years. Customs and duties between these two countris ended for 10 years. This gave great results mostly for Canadian producers. -
First Phase of Industrial Developement
This phase lasted until 1900. Using expensive and time consumming methods skilled craftsmen used factories to to make their finished products. This was more efficient, but dangerous and boring. Coal adn steam engines powered these manufacturing industires. -
Population Changes
This policy favoured immigration. The birth rate in Quebec stayed very high, though many people left Quebec. Many people decided to move to urban centers. There were better job oppurtunities in the USA, Ontario and Western Canada. Unions and strikes began though they were looked down on. -
National Policy
McDonald's National Policy
- Encouraged Immigration: It was encouraged to go to to Western Canada because bigger population meant bigger market.
-Increase Custom Duties: Protect-Promote Canadian Industries by ensuring Canadians bought Canadian goods.
Build Railway: The Canadian Pacific Railway was to run coast to coast, unify people as well as increase trade. -
Second Phase of Industrial Developement
This phase ended in 1930. Natural resources were used instead of industral resources. Brain drain was part of this phase. -
World War I
This was ended in 1918. Canada was forced to fight due to the fact that Britan had joined the war. This enforced the conscritpion crisis which forced people to join the war. Women took the place of of men in the work force and were able to vote in the place of their husbands. In 1918 both women and men were allowed to vote in federal elections. There was an improvement in economy as well. -
Roaring Twenties
The 1920's was a very prosporous decade (after the war ended). People were spending money and economy was doing well. Since Canada's infrastructures weren't destroyed, Canada became important in the economy. There was a greater divide between the rich and the poor. Railways were built and factories opened. -
The Great Depression
The crash of the stock market was the cause of the Great Depression. Black Thursday was when the stocks dropped bellow zero and people commited suicide. Unfortuanitly, sectors of the economy were hit hard and there were massive lay offs. Families bought as little as possible. The gouvernment's solutions were work camps, public work projects, direct aid and encouraging farming. This ended when World War 2 began. -
World War II
This war ended the Great Depression. Canada volunteered to join, instead of being forced by Britan. Woman were involved. Though there was enventually another conscription crisis except these soldiers never saw war because it was over by the time they got there. -
Post-War Period
In the late 1940's (after World War 2) there was post-war prosperity. There was a natural increase in population, immigration and baby-boom. -
The Quiet Revolution
This began in 1960 with the electoral defeat aof Union Natioanl by Jean Lesage and his liberal party. This was a far-reaching process of social, economic and political reform in Quebec during the 1960's. There was an increase in gouvernement intervention such as Modernizing Quebec educational system, weaken the influence of the church and hydro-Quebec government owned.
