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In Europe, the Medieval period stretches from the decline of the Roman Empire in the west, around 450 AD, to the start of the Renaissance in the later 15th century.
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When the Roman Empire fell around 500 AD, Europe went into a period known as the Dark Ages. This was a period of invasions and social turmoil. The only stable social structure was the Catholic Church.
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Particularly between the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century and the medieval period starting about the year 1000, much of Europe was in continuous chaos with little rule of law.
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The University of Bologna, founded in 1088, is the oldest existing university in Europe, and was an important centre of European intellectual life during the Middle Ages, attracting scholars from throughout Europe.
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In Europe, Christianity experienced a restorative season.
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The Hundred Years' War began in 1337 and ended in 1453. It was between France and England.
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In the 16th century the Medieval Period comes to an end.
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Following the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 CE, the synagogue became the preeminent institutional center of Jewish religion and culture.
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Right in the heart of the medieval period, Christmas Day, 800 AD, the Pope of Rome summoned Charlemagne into the presence of his papal majesty and placed upon his head a crown, symbolizing the unity of the world then known and civilized.
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Climatic Change in Europe 900 AD to Present a Viking Era Medieval Warm Period.
