-
Napoleonic invasion of Spain
The crisis in Spain (including the deposition of
the Spanish king) undermines Spanish authority over its colonies, setting the
stage for independence movements in New Spain. -
Grito de Dolores
On September 16, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla issues
the call to arms in Dolores, Guanajuato, marking the beginning of the Mexican
War of Independence. -
Battle of Calderón Bridge
Spanish royalist forces defeat insurgent armies,
forcing the revolutionary movement to regroup and adapt its strategies. -
Constitution of Apatzingán
Insurgent leaders promulgate this constitution as
a framework for self-governance and the establishment of an independent
state. -
Rise of Vicente Guerrero
After early setbacks, Vicente Guerrero emerges as
a key leader, sustaining the fight for independence in southern Mexico. -
Liberal Revolution in Spain
Political changes in Spain (including the
reinstatement of the Cadiz Constitution) influence reforms in New Spain and
open a path toward negotiations with insurgent forces. -
Plan of Iguala
Agustín de Iturbide proclaims a plan based on three
guarantees—independence, equality, and protection of the Catholic
faith—that unites royalists and insurgents. -
Treaty of Córdoba
Signed on August 24, this treaty confirms Mexican
independence from Spain. -
Entrance into Mexico City
-
Establishment of the first Mexican empire
-
Collapse of the Mexican Empire
-
Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States
-
Rise of centralist tensions
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Outbreak of Texas revolution
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Declaration of the Texan independence
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Annexation of Texas by the United States
-
Start of the Mexican-American War
-
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
