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Period: 500 to 900
Pre-Islamic Period (Before 10th Century)
Education centered around oral traditions, nomadic lifestyle, and military training. Focus on cultural values, survival skills, and societal structure. -
Period: 900 to 1200
Islamic Period (10th–13th Century)
Introduction of Islamic education with madrasas (religious schools). Emphasis on Arabic, theology, philosophy, and sciences influenced by Islamic scholars. -
1000
Seljuk Empire (11th–13th Century)
Expansion of madrasas; notable institutions like Nizamiye Madrasas were established. Focus on religious, legal, and philosophical education. -
1300
Ottoman Empire (14th–19th Century)
Early Period: Education remained religious with madrasas dominating the system. Tanzimat Reforms (19th Century): Introduction of secular schools, teacher training institutes, and modern military academies. Dual system: Coexistence of religious and secular schools. -
Early Republic Period (1923–1950)
1924 Tevhid-i Tedrisat (Unification of Education): Abolition of madrasas; all schools centralized under state control. Adoption of Latin alphabet (1928) and secular curricula. Emphasis on science, modernization, and national identity. -
Post-1950 Period
Growth of private schools alongside public education. Increasing emphasis on technical and vocational education. -
1980–2000s
Expansion of higher education and establishment of more universities. Implementation of compulsory 8-year education in 1997. -
21st Century
Extension of compulsory education to 12 years (4+4+4 system in 2012). Integration of technology in education through programs like FATİH Project. Continued debates on secular and religious influences in education policy.