-
Lantern slide projectors and stereograph viewers were used in some schools from the second half of the mid-nineteenth century to the early 20th century.
-
The first school museum was opened in St. Louis in 1905, soon followed by school museums in Pennsylvania and Ohio.
-
Keystone View Company publishes <i>Visual Education</i>, a teacher's guide to lanterns and stereographs.
-
Rochester, New York, Public School System was the first system to adopt films for regular instructional use in 1910.
-
More than 1,000 film titles were catalogued in George Kleine’s <i>Catalogue of Educational Motion Pictures</i>.
-
In the first of many later overstatements of the impact of educational technology on the educational system in the United States by many inventors and educators alike, Thomas Edison famously proclaimed, "Books will soon be obsolete..."
-
During this time period, five professional organizations for visual instruction were established nationally, five journals focusing on visual instruction began publication,
-
Technological advances in radio, sound recordings, and motion pictures with sound led to an increased interest in instructional media.
-
The National Education Association (now called the AECT) has maintained a leadership role in the field of instructional design and technology since its inception in 1923.
-
The editor of the National Education Association (NEA) stated that radio, film, and television would "be as common as the book and powerful in their effect on learning and teaching."
-
After several rounds of negotiations, the three national professional organizations for visual instruction (NAVI, VIAA, and DVI) merged into one, creating the national Department of Visual Instruction (DVI) and maintaining the DVI identity. This event in the organization’s history was known as "the coalition of 1932.”
-
Often considered the father of the behvioral objectives movement, Ralph Tyler wrote, "Each objective must be defined in terms which clarify the kind of behavior which the course should help to develop."
-
Hoban, Hoban, and Zissman publish <i>Visualizing the Curriculum</i>, a foundational text on visual instruction, which introduced a hierarchy of media, ranging from purely abstract ideas to very concrete representations.
-
From 1941 to 1945, this organization oversaw the production of 457 training films.
-
Besides using slide projectors, audio equipment, simulators, and training devices, the United States Army Air Force produced over 400 training films and 600 filmstrips during the war. It is estimated that over four million showings of training films occurred from mid-1943 to mid-1945.
-
The decade after WWII launched an era of media comparison studies and studies attemtping to identify how various features of audio-visual materials affected learning,
-
Edgar Gale established the concept of a cone of experience to rank audiovisual instructional media.
-
Ralph Tyler, widely considered the father of behavior objectives in education, publishes <i>Basic Principles of Curriculum</i> and Instruction, which defined appropriate learning objectives, established useful learning experiences, and encouraged organizing learning experiences to have a maximum cumulative effect, evaluating the curriculum, and revising those aspects that do not prove to be effective.
-
Researchers at IBM created the first computer-aided instruction (CAI) author languages for computers and designed one of the first CAI programs to be used in public schools.
-
Leaders in the field of audiovisual instruction became interested in theories of communication involving a sender, a receiver of a message, and a medium through which that message is sent.
-
The educational channels set aside by the Federal Communications Commission and funding by the Ford Foundation result in tremendous growth in the interest of instructional television.
-
The Ford Foundation invests over $170 million in educational television during the 1950's and 1960's.
-
The Federal Communications Commission sets aside 242 television channels for education, resulting in a large number of public television stations, called "educational" stations.
-
Skinner's foundational work described his ideas regarding the requirements for increased human learning and the desired characteristics of effective instructional methods.
-
Jon McCarthy of Dartmouth College coined the term Artificial
Intelligence and wrote a proposal to the Rockefeller Foundation titled, ‘A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence’ on August 31, 1955, along with Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon.
[Link text](file:///Users/javierduenas/Downloads/1848-Article%20Text-1844-1-10-20080129%20(1).pdf) -
In response to the Soviet launch of Sputnik, the first man-made satellite, the United States invested millions of dollars in improving math and science instruction in the United States.
-
Computer-aided Instruction pioneers Patrick Suppes, Richard Atkinson, and William Estes of Stanford University received a $1 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation to study computer-assisted teaching of math and construct an automated computer-based program.
- Javier Dueñas Source: Link text -
Robert Mager publishes <i>Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction</I> which describes how to write objectives and the standards by which behaviors are to be judged.
-
The Conditions of Learning describes five domains of learning outcomes that require different sets of conditions to promote learning and nine events of instruction that he considered essential for attaining a learning outcome.
-
Long-running CAI systems such as PLATO and TICCIT were developed during this time.
-
Michael Scriven coined the terms formative assessment and summative assessment, pointing to the need for trying out drafts of instructional materials with learners before the materials were in their final form.
-
The first workable prototype of the Internet came with the creation of ARPANET, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, ARPANET allowed multiple computers to communicate on a single network and delivered its first message: a “node-to-node” communication on October 29, 1969.
Link text -
The United States established the Commission on Instructional Technology to examine the impact of media on instruction.
-
Department of Audiovisual Instruction changed its name to the Association for Educational Communications and Technology.
-
During the 1970s, the number of instructional models increased significantly. By the end of the decade, more than 40 such models are developed.
-
By the mid 70s, several branches of the United States military had adopted an instructional design model to guide the development of their training manuals.
-
Several publications during this period described the potential application of cognitive psychology principles to instructional design processes.
-
Papert declared that computers were going to be "a catalyst very of deep and radical change in the educational system" and that it would be common for every child to have a computer by 1990.
-
Toymaker LEGO teamed up with Seymour Papert and Mitchel Ressnick to created the first programmable LEGO models to teach computer programming to children.
Link text -
The growing interest in non-academic factors constructivist approaches, electronic performance support systems, and rapid prototyping broadened the scope of instructional design studies during this period.
-
The mission of the IAIED is to advance knowledge and promote research and development in the field of Artificial Intelligence in Education and is part of an alliance of seven research societies that focus on advances in computer-supported learning.
J. Duenas
Link text -
Computer and digital technologies become increasingly common starting corresponding to increased use of the Internet in the mid-nineties, rising from more than 9% in 1997 to more than 22% by 2000.
-
By 1998, the percentage of schools with Internet access had increased to 90% from a level of 50% in 1995.
-
The United States Army announced that $600 million would be spent over the next six years to enable soldiers to take distance education classes.
-
Used by over 30 million students worldwide, Turnitin has significantly affected education, allowing educators to detect plagiarism in student papers, ensure originality, and protect intellectual property rights while raising concerns about the ethics of using educational technology to police student behavior.
J. Duenas
Link text -
Although the term MOOC (Massive Open Online College) was officially coined in 2008, David Wiley of Utah State University created the first official course for anyone who wanted to participate in 2007, enrolling 50 students from 8 countries and 5 face-to-face students.
-J. Dueñas
Link text -
Florida Senate Bill 1720 is passed in Florida, creating new exemptions for developmental course requirements and mandating that developmental education courses be delivered in one of four formats: as a co-requisite, compressed, modularized, or contextualized.
-
After the fatal shooting of 17 people and the injury of 17 more at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, RealNetworks made its facial recognition technology available for free to schools in the US and Canada, hoping to stop shooters and raising questions of whether facial recognition is adequately-equipped to prevent school shootings in the future.
-J. Dueñas
Link text -
The COVID-19 pandemic forces schools to shut down worldwide, prompting rapid, widespread adoption of distance education technologies for remote learning.
Link text
