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The timeline outlines key events in the history of special education in the United States. Starting from the founding of early schools for students with disabilities and going all the way until modern legislation surrounding student inclusion and access. The events represent milestones in the progression of legal and educational practice that influence opportunities and circumstances for students with disabilities.
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The American School for the Deaf was established in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817 by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. It was the first permanent school for deaf students in the United States in which teachers were trained to meet the specific needs of these students. It helped set a model for future educational programs for students with disabilities. It demonstrated that students with disabilities could learn effectively with proper instruction. -
ESEA provided federal funding to schools serving low-income students. It aimed to close achievement gaps and promote equal access to education. The law set a foundation for later support for students with disabilities. It increased federal involvement in K–12 education. -
The VRA defined handicapped person and appropriate education. Section 504 prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in programs receiving federal funds. It required accommodations in schools and work. The law helped ensure access to education and public programs and influenced later disability laws.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services The video explains how Vocational Rehabilitation helps people with disabilities get jobs. -
EAHCA required schools to provide free, appropriate education for children with disabilities. It introduced Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and education in the least restrictive environment. The law involved parents and set standards for special education. It was known as the Mainstreaming Law. It first defined least restrictive environment and required individualized education programs (IEPs). -
The ADA prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, and education. It required accessibility in schools and public spaces. The law reinforced the rights of students and supported inclusion. It redefined disability to include people with AIDS. ADA.gov This is the official U.S. ADA government website. -
IDEA reauthorized EAHCA and expanded early intervention services, special education services, and provisions for due process and confidentiality. It required IEPs and education in the least restrictive environment. The law promoted inclusion and equal educational opportunities for children with disabilities. It established "people-first" language for referring to people with disabilities. -
The 1997 IDEA reauthorization clarified IEP requirements and added transition services. It increased school accountability and emphasized inclusion. The law supported evidence-based practices for students with disabilities. -
NCLB required standardized testing and accountability for all students, including those with disabilities. Schools were encouraged to provide access to the general education curriculum. It promoted evidence-based instruction and progress monitoring. -
IDEIA updated IDEA to improve outcomes. It emphasized early intervention, research-based instruction, and access to general classrooms. Schools were required to monitor student progress and ensure inclusion. -
ESSA replaced NCLB and gave states more flexibility. It emphasized support for students with disabilities and inclusive classrooms. The law required accountability and aimed to provide quality education for all children.