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- Dwarfs held in high regard in Egypt.
- In Sparta, deformed babies were abandoned.
- Plato and Aristotle believed in abortion if there was a risk a baby would be born disabled.
- Celts cared for the mentally handicapped.
- As Christianity grew, people were more compassionate toward individuals with disabilities.
- Islamic treated mentally disabled well.
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- Germany confined disabled people to a tower in the city walls. This was known as “The Idiot Cage”.
- In Belgium a shrine was built and used to cure the mentally sick.
- First mental hospital established in London.
- In mental hospitals people were chained to walls or chained to beds and inhumane procedures were performed.
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- Renaissance paints show down syndrome infants in Jesus’ likeness. One theory states they are God’s other children and the other theory links them to Satan.
- 1480’s women who gave birth to a disabled child were killed or exiled.
- Physically disabled kept a jesters or fools.
- Learning disabled people described as idiots.
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World's first free school for the deaf
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- Considered the worst period
- Victims of murder by Nazis
- First school for idiots started in 1837
- Idiot Act and Mental Deficiency Act Created
- Asylums created for educable idiots
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The Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons was opened. A surgeon, Mason Fitch Cogswell, and lawyer and politician, Sylvester Gilbert, men with deaf children, were instrumental in starting this school.
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The New England Asylum for the Blind was started by Samuel Gridley Howe. Howe, a veteran in the Greek war for independence was an advocate for people with visual modalities.
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Started by Édouard Séguin
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AAIDD
Oldest organization developed for research in intellectual & developmental disabilities. Known today as American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. -
Act that intended to provide facilities for the care and education of the intellectually disabled.
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Replaced the Idiots Act. This allowed parents to relinquish rights of disabled children and have them placed under guardianship in facilities
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Council for Exceptional Children
Organization working world-wide to improve education for students with disabilities, gifts and special talents. -
Grassroots parents group formed to help disabled children in the area who were excluded from public schools.
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UCP History Grassroots organization founded by Leonard H. Goldenson, Isabelle Goldenson, Jack Hausman, and Ethel Hausman to improve the quality of life for individuals with cerebral palsy. They focused on improving local services and today the organization is a large health organization.
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Organization Website The organization was founded by Paul Cohen and other individuals affected by muscular dystrophy. The organization gained attention with the help of celebrity spokespeople. The most well-known is Jerry Lewis, who hosted MDA telethons.
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ARC Advocacy History National Association for Retarded Children (NARC) founded. In 1973 In 1992 the name was changed to The Arc of the United States (The Arc). When founded, the organization raised money to be used to research intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Five court cases against different boards of education were brought to the Supreme Court, where they were consolidated and known as Brown v. Board of Education. The ruling stated it was constitutional to segregate students in public schools. This ruling paved the road for improving rights of students with disabilities.
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JFK Library John F. Kennedy created The President's Panel on Mental Retardation. His focus was on cause and prevention. He organized the group with top scientists, doctors and others in the field.
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Public Law signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson who believed in educational opportunities for everyone. This act provided funding for low-income families and paved the road for future funding for students of need.
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Special Olympics Website Eunice Shriver founded the Special Olympics. She wanted kids with a disability to have a place to play. The organization started as day camps and grew into the organization we know today.
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Despite policy and cultural shifts in thinking, there are still a small number of students with disabilities in public schools. The average was one in five students were attending public schools.
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The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania case decided children with mental retardation should be allowed to receive education in the public school setting. This case paved the road for students with disabilities to be schooled in the public school setting.
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Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia decided all children have the right to a free and public education. This case laid the groundwork for the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA).
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The act prohibits discrimination in programs funded by the federal government. Individuals with disabilities are covered under section 504.
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Overview of the Law A law passed by President Gerald Ford mandating all students with disabilities will receive an appropriate and free education. The law was to be in effect by September 1, 1978
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Congress enacted the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This act guaranteed education to students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment.
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The definition for free and adequate education in the EHA act was not clearly defined. This case decision further defined it.
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EHA was extended to include parent training and information centers at the state level.
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This case found that changing a student's catheter during school hours was covered under the EHA law under special services. Since the service took a few minutes to perform and the lay person could be trained in an hour, the student should not have to leave school for the service.
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EHA was reauthorized and early intervention programs for infants and education services for preschoolers were added.
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Honig v. Doe was a case regarding a student who was permanently suspended from school due to violent and disruptive behavior that was directly related to his disability. Under the EAH acct students with an IEP are not to be removed from school during the review and reassessment of his/her IEP. This student was allowed to go back to school.
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Best Buddies Website Best Buddies was founded by Anthony K. Shriver. He wanted to provide ways for kids with and without intellectual disabilities to form meaningful relationships.
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ADA Website The Americans with Disabilities Act states persons with disabilities will be provided equal opportunities in employment, services and programs.
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) replaced the EHA act. This act expands on children receiving a free and appropriate education to include the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) used to support the student's development.
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The No Child Left Behind Act affects what students are taught, what tests they are taking, and how teachers are trained. This law is meant to close the achievement gap.
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Reauthorization of IDEA to include Response to Intervention (RTI).
