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Decree for Elementary Schools
Towns over 50 families should have an elementary school, an towns over 100 families should have a Latin school. -
Ability Tracking
First system of tracking students (trades/ academics) proposed by Thomas Jefferson -
First Free Public Education
Pennsylvania offered the first free public education for poor families (wealthy families still had to pay) -
First Reform School
First reform school was opened in Massachusetts, which began the tradition of reform schools -
Compulsory Education Law
Passed in Massachusetts to target immigrant children. -
Brown v Board of Education
The Supreme Court found that African-American children had the right to equal educational opportunities and that segregated schools “have no place in the field of public education.” -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Students may not be discriminated against based on skin color or national origin (Title XI) -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Landmark legislation that provided resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act guaranteed civil rights for the disabled in the context of federally funded institutions or any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Act 504 applies to all people throughout their lifetimes. A person with a 504 plan does not have to have an educational disability. The spirit of 504 is to level the playing field for people with disabilities and is about access. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA)
Gave children with disabilities specific legal rights to an education, included provision requiring LRE, and FAPE. Also contained a due process clause. -
Board of Hendrick Hudson v. Rowley
Supreme court ruled that congress had NOT intended FAPE to impose a "maximizing" standard, rather a "basic floor of opportunity." -
EHA becomes IDEA
The EHA was reformulated as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). IDEA focused on inclusion and therights of parents to be involved in the education decisions affecting their children. Required IEPs be developed with parents for all children with disabilities. -
Sacramento City School District v. Rachel Holland
Created the "Holland Factors" as a basis for recommending LRE. Included educational, non-academic benefits, cost, and the effect on teacher and other students. -
STAR Testing Authorized in California
1997: Authorized STAR program (SB 376). SB 376 required students in grades 2–11 to be tested in English with State Board of Education–approved, norm-referenced tests in reading, writing, and mathematics, with spelling added in grades 2–8, and history–social science and science added in grades 9–11. -
CAHSEE Testing Authozied
1999: Legislation by then-senator Jack O'Connell authorized the California High School Exit Examination (CAHSEE) (SB 2X). -
No Child Left Behind Authorized By Congress
2001: Congress reauthorized ESEA as No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). -
AAMR becomes AAIDD
2007 - On January 1, 2007, the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) became the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), joining the trend toward use of the term intellectual disability in place of mental retardation. -
Common Core Standards Approved in CA
Common Core Standards approved for ELA and math in California -
CA Seal of Biliteracy
Bilingual students are now honored upon high school graduation. -
CA Special Education Task Force
Group created to investigate the success of special education in California and make recommendations for improvement. Shared recommendations in 2015. -
Proposition 58 Passes in CA
The California Multilingual Education Act...Proposition 58 effectively repeals the English-only requirement of Proposition 227 — the initiative approved by voters in 1998 that requires English learners to be taught in English immersion classrooms. Under the new law, students can learn English through multiple programs outside of English immersion classes. The old law required parents to sign waivers to enroll their children in bilingual or dual immersion programs; the new law does not. -
Max Benson Death at Guiding Hands
"Max Benson, 13, died after being restrained at the school on Nov. 28, 2018, the El Dorado County Sheriff's Office said. Wohlwend was the employee who put Max in a prone restraint, which means he was in a face-down position, prosecutors said." https://www.kcra.com/article/3-charged-death-max-benson-guiding-hands-school/29790154# -
Congressional Increase in Federal Special Education Spending
"Federal funding for special education will rise the most it has in years under a newly approved government spending plan... special education is a big winner with a $400 million rise over last year." https://www.disabilityscoop.com/2020/01/09/congress-hands-special-ed-hefty-funding-boost/27623/