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Supreme Court rules that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
Began the movement of equality in education -
Provided state federal money to states in order to improve opportunities for students who were disadvantaged. this includes children with disabilities -
Provide state grants to help expand education programs for students with disabilities
Federal government money was given to schools to help train special education teachers better -
Helped fix misclassification of students in special education
IQ tests were not biased and were given in the language appropriate for the student -
Extended and added amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965. By establishing a legal definition of learning disabilities as well as recognizing the need for special education for gifted and talented students. -
Since segregation was deemed unconstitutional, it also is unconstitutional to deny students with disabilities as education -
Required schools to provide a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) -
Congress set out to uncover how many children with special education needs were being underserved. The Bureau of Education for the Handicapped found that there were eight million children requiring special education services. Of this total, 3.9 million students adequately had their educational needs met, 2.5 million were receiving a substandard education and 1.75 million weren’t in school. source: https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline -
Prohibited discrimination against those with disabilities in programs that received federal funding -
Included rights from PARC v. Commonwealth of PA and Mills v. Board of Education in law
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Federal funding was provided to those who promised to education students with disabilities
Started requiring schools to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
Established procedural safeguards -
Public Law 99-457 was an amendment to the All Handicapped Children Act, which mandated that individual states provide services to families of children born with disabilities from the time they are born. Previously, these services were not available until a child reached the age of three.
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Parents of student noticed their children in special education began to regress during summer break
Ruled in favor of plantiffs and brought forth the extended school year
ESY is available to children with disabilities -
School sued due to interpreter being taken away from deaf student
Court ruled in favor of school because Amy Rowley was succeeding without the interpreter
Case offered a new interpretation of FAPE
Created a definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to have maximum support but enough to receive educational benefits -
Parents were able to recover attorney fees if they won in a court case or hearing -
Student was denied special education services because the school felt his disability was "too severe" to benefit
Led to Zero-rejection policy
Schools could not deny a child special education services, no matter how severe their disabilities are -
Added traumatic brain injury and autism as new categories of disability
Transition element for students age 16 or older was added
"People first" language began -
Changed the IEP team and added new components
Reorganized the structure of IDEA
Began requiring states to offer intervention efforts to parents before due process hearings -
Reaction to the low academic achievement of American students
Began holding the government responsible for the gains for students academically
Standardized testing began -
Gave a definition to "highly qualified" special education teacher
encouraged the use of the RTI model in classrooms
Removed short term goals in IEP's except for those with severe disabilities -
The Amendments Act emphasizes that the definition of "disability" in Section 504 and the ADA should be interpreted to allow for broad coverage. Students who, in the past, may not have been determined to have a disability under Section 504 and Title II may now in fact be found to have a disability under those laws.
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Signed by President Barack Obama, this campaign promises "funding the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act" and 12.2 billion dollars in additional funds -
Students with disabilities are now required to be included on state and district-wide assessments. Regular Education Teachers are to be included on the IEP team. -
authorizes federal financing for programs that help people with disabilities lead more independent lives, acquire marketable skills, and find gainful employment -
ensures that people with disabilities may set aside funds for savings without jeopardizing their access to government assistance. Disabled individuals may utilize the money for things like schooling, housing, and transportation -
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was signed by President Obama on December 10, 2015 This bipartisan measure reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students.