Carte du royaume d'irlande [...]hérisson eustache btv1b530637641

Ireland from Home Rule to Brexit SOUMARE Elisa

By elisasoumare

  • First Home Rule Bill by Gladstone

    First Home Rule Bill by Gladstone
    That day, William Ewart Gladstone presents the first Home Rule Bill. It was rejected right away by the House of Commons at the time directed by Joseph Chamberlain.

  • Second Home Rule Bill by Gladstone

    Second Home Rule Bill by Gladstone
    7 years after his first attempt, Gladstone proposes the Home Rule Bill again. This time, it gets voted at the House of Commons. Though, the House of Lords rejects it. Gladstone quits his Prime Minister position.

  • Home Rule Act (Third Home Rule Bill)

    Home Rule Act (Third Home Rule Bill)
    the third Home Rule Bill is introduced.

  • Government of Ireland Act 1914 and postponement

    After being discussed for two years, the Third Home Rule Bill passes at the Parliament and given Royal Assent. However, it's immediatley postponed by the Suspensory Act 1914.

  • Beginning of the Easter Rising

    Beginning of the Easter Rising
    During the Easter week of 1916, the Easter Rising takes place. Multiple groups such as the Rirish Volonteers, the IRB and the Irish citizens Army were to establish an independent Republic of Ireland and to put an end to the British Rule in Ireland.

  • The end of the Easter Rising

    The end of the Easter Rising
    It ends with the surrender of nationalists, for example Tom Clarke, under the pressure put by the British Royal Army.
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    The Irish War of Independence

    The Irish War of Independence began after the Sinn Féin party declared Irish independence in 1919. The IRA, led by Michael Collins, used ambushes and assassinations against the British Royal military. The conflict ended with a ceasefire on July 11, 1921.
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    Irish Civil War

    Conflict between pro-treaty and anti-treaty forces following the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The pro-treaty side, led by Michael Collins and the new Irish government, supported the treaty, while the anti-treaty side, led by Éamon de Valera, opposed it, wanting full independence from Britain.

  • Anglo-Irish Treaty

    Anglo-Irish Treaty
    This treaty formally concluded the Irish War of Independence. It established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire. It granted Ireland significant autonomy but required an oath of allegiance to the British Crown. The treaty also kept Northern Ireland part of the UK.

  • Irish Constitution of 1937

    Irish Constitution of 1937
    The Irish Constitution of 1937 replaced the 1922 Free State Constitution and established Éire (Ireland) as a sovereign state. It introduced a parliamentary democracy with a President and a Taoiseach (Prime Minister). It claimed sovereignty over the entire island (including Northern Ireland).

  • Republic of Ireland Act

    Republic of Ireland Act
    The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 was a law passed by the Irish government that formally declared Ireland a republic and ended its membership in the British Commonwealth. It was signed into law on December 21, 1948, and came into effect on April 18, 1949. The act removed any remaining British influence, such as the role of the British monarch in Irish affairs.
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    The Troubles

    The Troubles were a violent conflict in Northern Ireland between Unionists/Loyalists (who wanted to remain part of the UK) and Nationalists/Republicans (who wanted a united Ireland) which lasted for almost 30 years. The conflict involved paramilitary groups like the IRA and UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force), as well as the British Army and police.

  • Bloody Sunday

    Bloody Sunday
    Bloody Sunday is one of the biggest events of the Troubles was which took place in Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland. British soldiers from the Parachute Regiment opened fire on unarmed civil rights protesters, killing 14 people and injuring many others. The protesters were marching against internment without trial, a British policy used against suspected IRA members.
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    PEACE I

    Launched shortly after the 1994 ceasefires, PEACE I was the European Union’s first major initiative to support reconciliation in Northern Ireland and the border counties of Ireland. It focused on rebuilding trust between divided communities and promoting grassroots cooperation.

  • The Good Friday Agreement

    The Good Friday Agreement
    The Good Friday Agreement was a peace deal that ended most of the violence of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. It established a power-sharing government between Unionists and Nationalists, ensuring no hard border and allowing people to identify as British, Irish, or both.
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    PEACE II

    This program deepened efforts toward reconciliation and social inclusion, emphasizing economic regeneration and support for victims of conflict. It came at a time when the Good Friday Agreement (1998) was being implemented.
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    PEACE II

    This program deepened efforts toward reconciliation and social inclusion, emphasizing economic regeneration and support for victims of conflict. It came at a time when the Good Friday Agreement (1998) was being implemented.
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    PEACE III

    PEACE III concentrated on promoting a shared society by addressing divisions and dealing with the legacy of the conflict. It encouraged dialogue and understanding, especially among young people and marginalized groups.
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    PEACE IV

    Focused on building a more cohesive society, PEACE IV invested in education, youth programs, and projects aimed at reducing prejudice and promoting peacebuilding across generations.

  • Northern Ireland Protocol

    Northern Ireland Protocol
    During Brexit, Ireland played a key role in negotiations, mainly due to concerns about the Irish border with Northern Ireland. To avoid it, the Northern Ireland Protocol was agreed upon, keeping Northern Ireland aligned with some EU rules to allow free trade with Ireland while still being part of the UK.
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    PEACE PLUS

    This ongoing program merges EU and UK funding to continue supporting peace and prosperity after Brexit. It aims to strengthen cross-border cooperation, economic development, and inclusive communities in Northern Ireland and the border regions.