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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
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1517
Martin Luther writing the Ninety-Five Theses
-According to him Salvation was free, and one did not have to pay anything to obtain it.
-Any priests declaring that buying indulgences could free a man of his sins was lying.
-Christians who were seaking for pardon should turn to charity instead of buying expensive letters of pardon. -
1522
Martin Luther translated the Bible in German
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1526
The Tydale Bible
The New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
-The King was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England.
-It is when the schism happened. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
The Pilgrimage of Grace
Rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
The inusregents were against :
-The dissolution of the monasteries and the Reformation.
-They aslo demander the restoration of the Pope and of Mary Tudor to the Royal Succession.
-Economic grievances were also at the centre of the rebellions. -
1537
Bible translated in English
Permission given for an English Bible and not a Latin one. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
Held in the city of Trent :
The symbol of the Counter Reformation.
-The Roman Catholic Church attempted to correct some abuses of the Church.
-And harshly condemned protestants heresies.
The Pope's hositiloty to the Elizabethan relgious settlement was growing :
-He instructed Catholics not to attend Anglican Church services. -
1547
Death of Henry VIII
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Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
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1549
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
Remplaced Latin services with English. -
1553
Death of Edward VI
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1553
Mary I Tudor becomes the first Queen of England
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Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
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Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary
-Heretics were burned.
-Over 200 Protestants went to the stake. -
1558
Death of Mary I
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Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's reign
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1559
The Act of Uniformity
Religious belief
-Every parish had to use the book of Common Prayers.
-People who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy
Church organisation
-Abolished the authority of the Pope.
-Restored the authority of the Queen over the Church.
-Became "Spreme Governor of the Church of England". -
Period: 1559 to 1563
New legislation
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Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
Doctrine
-Started the doctrine of the Church.
-3 importants changes : a new ecclesiology, a new doctrine of salvation, a new definition of sacrements and of the mass.
-Still in use today. -
Period: 1568 to
The imprisonnement of Mary Queen of Scots
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1570
Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I "Reignans in Excelsis"
Pope Pius V issued the papal bull :
-It called Elizabeth the "so-called queen", "a heretic favouring heretics".
-It excommunicated Elizabeth.
-Almost giving Catholics licence to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. -
1571
The Treasons Act
Made it treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
1581
The 1581 Act
-It provided for the death penalty for any person coverting, or already converted to Catholicism.
-It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass.
-Anglican services were compulsory : §20 per month fine. -
The Badingtom plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth to put Mary Stuarton the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham when he managed to decipher a message between Mary and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
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The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
England won against the Spanish Armada. -
A new English translation of the Bible completed in 1611 : The King James' Bible
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Death of Elizabeth I
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Period: to
Reign of James VI of Scotland who also became James I of England in 1603
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The GUNPOWDER PLOT
It was a conspiracy devided by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
The Great Contract
It was a financial reform explaining the King would receive a fixed sum from the Parliament. His aim was to become financially independant, a thing the MPs feared.
The Parliament did not vote in favour of the Great Contract which led to King James I dismissing the Parliament. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
The Elector Palatine, who had married the daughter of James I, was invited to take the throne of protestant Bohemia in place of the Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg.
The Emperor sent his army and was supported by Catholic Spain.
The Elector Palatine was supported by German princes,Scandinavia, France, the Dutch Republic.
James I wanted to intervene to help his daughter and son in law and because England as a protestant power had to intervene. -
James I summoned a parliament to ask for money for war.
James I summoned a Parliament to ask for money for war, but the Parliament did not want to attack directly the Spanish forces, but to wage at sea.
James I was angered.
Parliament answered with a Protestation, asserting that Parliament's privilege existed by right, and not by gift of a monarch.
James I tore Commons' Protestation and dissolved Parliament. -
The Parliament agreed to finance the war on Spain.
The Parliament agreed to finance the war on spain in 1624 but it would mostly be for the next king, Charles I. -
Death of James I
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Period: to
Reign of King Charles I
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Petition of Rights
It contained the MPs complaints :
They requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.
They wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his power.
A petition which James I signed but was furious about. And when MPs were discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham again, James I suspended Parliament seating. -
The King declared another adjournment.
When MPs complaints started over in the next parliamentary in January 1629, the King declared another adjournment.
By then, the MPs were increasingly suspicious of the King's religious support of Armanians and atitude towards Parliament.
The MPs did not let the Speaker of the House put an end to the discussion. -
The Three Resolutions.
The MPs passed the Three Resolutions :
-It declared that whoever tried to bring in "Popery or Armenianism" or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy to the Kingdom.
-As well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament's consent.
It was considered as an act of open defiance by James I.
So James I imprisoned MPs and dissolve parliament.
He declared there would be no more parliaments, and it is the start of the : "Personal Rule". -
Period: to
The Personal Rule.
A period of 11 years when King James I ruled the country without calling a parliament.
Whig historians called it "The Eleven Years Tyranny". -
The Case of Burton, Prynne, and Bastwick.
Those 3 men who had written pamphlets attacking Archbishop Laud, an Arminian, were put in the pillory and their ears cut off. -
Scottish oppositions came to boil when King Charles I attempted to impose a New Prayer Book.
A riot erupted in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, on the reading of the New Prayer Book.
A local woman, Jenny Geddes, picked up her stool and threw it at the preacher.
This widespread rebellion was known as the Bishops' wars. -
King Charles I's attempt to draw the Church of Scotland, which is Calivinist, into line with the Church of England, which was Anglican.
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Period: to
The Scottish crisis.
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The "Scottish National Covenant".
It was a petition opposing Charles' religious policy, it called for the spiritual independance of the Scottish Church to be maintained signed by Charles I's leading opponents in Scotland.
To Charles, this was an act of open rebellion.
Scotland and England both started to form an army.
It led to the Bishops' Wars.