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Joplin
Known for composing the "Maple Leaf Rag.” -
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Ives
Talented composer, meant his music to be interpreted as a question. -
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Schoenberg
The Austrian composer that fully embodied the "expressionist style" circa 1910. Known for creating the "12 tone method" and "Verklarte Nacht, 1899", among other compositions. His works were often characterized as bold, atonal, angry, and anti-war. -
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Stravinsksy
Known for his peculiar style, mostly represented in his ballet Rite of Spring. However, his musical style was ever changing which was mostly concentrated on the Russian period in the 1900s -
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Russolo
Originally known as a painter, Russolo explored the Art of Noise, which led him to develop a set of different sound effects in his compostions. -
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Ma Rainey
Early blues singer to record her music for the public, and influence others to do so. -
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Price
First black female composer to have her works performed by an important American orchestra. -
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Nadia Boulanger
Inspired by her sister Lili, she became devoted to teaching other talented musicians. -
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Cocteau
French artist whose work was product of years preceding WWI and political turmoil. Some of his known work was entangled with Darius Milhaud, a member of Les six and modern artists such as Picasso. -
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Lili Boulanger
N. Boulanger's younger sister, a pianist and great composer. However, had a short life which didn't allow for most of her compositions to be published until after her death. -
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Bessie Smith
Ma Rainey's apprentice and most famous female blues singer. An inspiration to Billie Holiday, among others. -
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M. Graham
American dancer and choreographer, known for her modern style of ballet and collaborating with famous composers such as Copeland. -
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W. Still
First African American to conduct a symphony. -
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Henry Cowell
Cowell was a teacher and composer. He was within few who understood Ives, defining his idea in 1912 as the "tone cluster". -
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G. Gershwin
Credited for the composition of Porgy and Bess (1935). -
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Ellington
The band leader of the Cotton Club and credited for writing, "Take the A Train". -
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Poulenc
Born in Paris, this composer made significant contributions to French music following World War I and greatly appreciated in the 20th century. Significant member of Les six. -
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Copeland
Talented composer whose music is still widely known and performed.
https://www.aaroncopland.com/about/the-man-behind-the-music/ -
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Les Six
The group of six French composers representing heavy sentiment against German Romanticism (Wagner & Strauss) and chromaticism (Debussy). -
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Carter
Known as "America's great musical poet", he led the way in modernism and is distinguished for his compositions. -
New Orleans Jazz
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The Trumpet Received Valves
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Pierre Lunaire
Girauds's series of poems put into musical context by Schoenberg. Once again, an opera that marked a place in musical history for its use of atonality and expressionist style. This work was distinguished by it’s primitive quality depicted by static repetition and dissonance. http://www.earplay.org/www/notes.php?id=Schoenberg1 -
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Cage
Cage is recognized for giving us the definition of music and his peculiar works. -
The Rite of Spring
This scandalous premier of Stravinsky's ballet, The Rite of Spring will forever hold its place in the history of art. Stravinsky's opponents hired a claque to mock and disturb the inventive ballet, which many composers found disturbing and horrifying.
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22691267 -
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World War I
Also known as the Great War was an international conflict that entangled most of Europe, Russia, the Middle East, among other regions. The war was mainly the Central Powers against the Allies which inspired many works in this period. -
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Strayhorn
The true composer of the famous tune "Take the A Train" -
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B. Holiday
Leading female jazz singer in the 20th century. Her work was first appreciated in Europe and then in America. -
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Jazz Arises
Jazz arose in the early 20th century. -
The Russian Revolution
Two revolutions the first of which, overthrew the imperial government and the second which, placed the Bolsheviks in power. -
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Bernstein
An accomplished composer and conductor, prized with many awards in the arts. -
12 Tone Method
Created by Schoenberg, also recognized as the period of Serialism. -
Harlem Renaissance
An African American significant cultural movement in New York. -
Swing Era 1930s
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The Great Depression
Following the US stock market crash in 1929 and the 1930s Dust Bowl, President F. Roosevelt responded to the economic depression by putting into action the New Deal. -
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John Williams
Wrote the shaker tune, "Simple Gifts", and collaborated with Copeland and Martha Graham, among others. Most of his music used in films and movies. -
Porgy and Bess
The first all black casted "American folk opera" credited to Gershwin. -
Peter and the Wolf
Musical composition by Prokofiev, written for children. -
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World War II
Known as the most destructive war as millions of lives were lost due to the countries warfare. -
Appalachian Spring
Famous ballet composed by Copeland in collaboration with known choreographer, Martha Graham. -
4'33
The famous composition of silence by Cage. -
West Side Story
First musical made up of complex musical compositions. -
Ragtime
Attempted musical version of "Maple Leaf Rag"