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G. Mahler
Austrian Jewish composer known for his influence in maximalism and several composers such as Schoenberg, among others. -
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Debussy
Renowned French composer who embodied the impressionist style and created the first modern orchestral work "L'aprese-midi de’un faune”. -
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R. Strauss
Maximalist German composer, famous for his tone poems and operas such as Salomé (1905). -
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Kandinsky
Russian born artist, contributed to the establishment of the "New Artist Association" in 1909. He was known for his innovative abstract paintings like Composition VII (1913), Blue Mountain (1908), among others. -
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Schoenberg
The Austrian composer that fully embodied the "expressionist style" circa 1910. Known for creating the "12 tone method" and "Verklarte Nacht, 1899", among other compositions. His works were often characterized as bold, atonal, angry, and anti-war. -
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M. Ravel
Widely known for creating the 1st impressionist piano piece, “Pavane pour une infante défunte”. -
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Stravinsky
Known for his peculiar style, mostly represented in his ballet Rite of Spring. However, his musical style was ever changing which was mostly concentrated on the Russian period circa 1920 -
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Webern
Austrian composer instructed by Schoenberg at the 12 tone Viennese School. His work lead to the establishing of "atonality" which moved towards music without a defining tonal center. -
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Berg
In 1904, Alban Berg met Schoenberg which influenced his life greatly. These two worked together for the next six years which were significant in Berg’s musical career. -
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Durey
Member of Les six, which instigated the group, then left and to this day many are unaware of his significant role in the early formation of the group. -
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Cocteau
French artist whose work was product of years preceding WWI and political turmoil. Some of his known work was entangled with Darius Milhaud, a member of Les six and modern artists such as Picasso. -
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Impressionalism
Most commonly characterized for its vagueness, lack of rules, free rhythm, and parallel chords. The Javanese Gamelan are large groups of percussion instruments made of tuned metals, also known as, an orquestra of instruments used in this period. -
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Maximalism
Characterized by chromaticism, extreme orchestral groups, thick textures, and the primary idea that "more is more". This style was often highlighted the modernism of the period and viewed as radical in German regions. -
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Expressionism
This music genre avoided traditional forms of beauty and conventional elements of music to convey strong emotions. The period is often described as disturbing and rigid, since its purpose is to portray raw truthfulness. -
Carnegie Hall Opens
The famous concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, US opens in 1891. To this day it is still known as the pinnacle of classical music and performing arts. -
"L'aprese-midi de'un faune"
1st modern orchestral work composed by Debussy. -
Sousa Band
After 12 long years as a leader in the US Marine Band, Philip Sousa resigned from the Marine Corps to form his own band. Upon his broad knowing and experience of bands his band became a combination of styles that stood out to him, resulting in a symphony sounding band arranged by military instruments. -
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Honneger
Member of “Les six” whose style was influenced by the "architecture of music". -
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Milhaud
French composer and member of “Les six”. -
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G. Tailleferre
A former member and only female composer of the Les Six group, Tailleferre paved the way for female composers and musicians. -
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Poulenc
Born in Paris, this composer made significant contributions to French music following World War I and greatly appreciated in the 20th century. Significant member of Les six. -
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Auric
Auric was known as a neo-classicist, music journalist, and the leader of SACEM. -
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Les Six
The group of six French composers representing heavy sentiment against German Romanticism (Wagner & Strauss) and chromaticism (Debussy). -
Strauss’s Salomé
Famous german opera composed by Strauss.
Synopsis; https://www.metopera.org/user-information/synopses-archive/salome -
Pierrot Lunaire
Girauds's series of poems put into musical context by Schoenberg. Once again, an opera that marked a place in musical history for its use of atonality and expressionist style. This work was distinguished by it’s primitive quality depicted by static repetition and dissonance. http://www.earplay.org/www/notes.php?id=Schoenberg1 -
The Rite of Spring
This scandalous premier of Stravinsky's ballet, The Rite of Spring will forever hold its place in the history of art. Stravinsky's opponents hired a claque to mock and disturb the inventive ballet, which many composers found disturbing and horrifying.
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22691267 -
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World War I
Also known as the Great War was an international conflict that entangled most of Europe, Russia, the Middle East, among other regions. The war was mainly the Central Powers against the Allies which inspired many works in this period. -
Russian Revolution
Two revolutions the first of which, overthrew the imperial government and the second which, placed the Bolsheviks in power. -
12 Tone Method
Created by Schoenberg, also recognized as the period of Serialism. -
The Great Depression
Following the US stock market crash in 1929 and the 1930s Dust Bowl, President F. Roosevelt responded to the economic depression by putting into action the New Deal.