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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginings
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3900 BCE
Disease Caused By?
Supernatural Spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the Sick
They performed ceremonies to exorcise the evil spirits. They also sometimes removed a part of the cranium and used herbs and plants. -
3100 BCE
Medicines Still Used Today
Foxglove plant in a pill form or through an injection. Quinine controls fevers, relieves muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptian’s
They were the earliest people to keep accurate health records. Early Egyptians were priests who acted as physicians. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
They were first to use primitive acupuncture therapies. They learned to treat diseases and illnesses with stone tools. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Medicine was considered an art not just a profession. They housed sacred temples of healing. -
100
Ancient Romans
The Roman’s were the first to organize medical care. They had rooms in their houses for the ill. The start of hospitals started here. The Roman physicians wore a death mask. A death mask had spices in the beak which the Roman’s thought protected them from infection and bad odors. -
Period: 400 to 300
The Dark Age
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500
Stopped the Study of Medicine, Why?
Church’s believed that life and death were in God’s hands. Therefore, they thought the primary treatment was prayer. -
700
How do they Treat Disease?
Medications which were mostly made of herbal mixtures. They also thought that prayer was the main treatment. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
They created vaccines to stop all of these epidemics. The epidemics causes millions of deaths after deaths during this time. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
They built universities and medical schools for research. The acceptance of dissection of the body for study was used. The printing press was developed. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Century
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1515
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Gabriele Fallopius discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. Hence the last name. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
He discovered the tube that goes from the ear to the throat. It’s called the Eustachian tube, coming from his last name. -
William Harvey
He described the circulation of blood and the heart pumping first. He was the one who knew it first. -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope, and established that there is life smaller than the eye can see. -
Apothecaries
These were early pharmacies. In medieval England they engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East. -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals, and he found that colds can be spread from person to person. -
Medical Students Learning
The students learning led to a better understanding of the causes of death and illness. Many more students started studying medicine. -
Joseph Preistly
He discovered the element oxygen. He also found out plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen. Then found it was usable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
He discovered the method of vaccination for a disease called smallpox. He saved many lives by discovering this. -
René Laënnec
She invented the stethoscope. It was made out of wood. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Century
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Ignaz Semmelweis
He found the cause for the childhood fever. He discovered that handwashing and cleanliness became practice to everyone. -
Florence Nightingale
She was the founder of modern nursing. -
Louis Pasteur
He is the founder of microbiology. He was the one to discover microorganisms. He also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of all bacteria! Then, he crested the vaccine for rabies in 1885. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
He discovered viruses. For example, poliomyelitis, chicken pox, rabies, German measles, measles, mumps, herpes zoster, and influenza. -
Joseph Lister
He discovered using carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. This is called antiseptic. And he was the first one to use it. -
Ernst von Bergmann
He developed aspesis. He discovered a method to keep areas germ free. For example, surgery. -
Robert Koch
He discovered disease causing organisms. He introduced the importance of cleanliness to prevent diseases spreading all over. -
Paul Ehrilch
He discovered the effect of medicine on all sicknesses. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
He discovered x-rays. -
Anesthesia
Physicians used to choked patients to make them unconscious for surgery to stop all pain. But, many of those patients died from shock and pain. During the 19th and 20th centuries ether, nitrous oxide, and chloroform were discovered. All of these drugs make people fall into a deep sleep so they feel no pain during surgery whatsoever. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
He discovered penicillin. It was one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century! -
Sigmund Freud
He discovered the unconscious and conscious parts of the brain. He found out that the mind and body work together hence consciousness and unconsciousness. -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered the first compounds in medications that were effective in killing all bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
He discovered the vaccine for a deadly poliovirus. The virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
He discovered the live poliovirus vaccine. It is much more effective. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
They discovered the molecular form of DNA. Based on the double helix, their model explained how DNA shows our hereditary information coded within it. -
Christian Barnard
He performed the first successful heart transplant ever! -
Ben Carson
He separates Siamese twins and continues performing hemispherectomies. -
Period: to
The 21st Century
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HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine was introduced in 2006 for all Americans to access. This has saved so many lives. -
Liquid biopsies
A test from a sample of blood, urine, or even stool sample to search for cancer cells from a tumor or small pieces of DNA and RNA. -
Pacemakers connecting to Phones
If you use your phone, there is a higher rate of success compared with the normal and manual pacemaker. -
Pig Kidney Transplant to Human
Scientists genetically modified pigs organs to be more compatible to human organs. And then, the surgery begins. This could be a change in the surgical process in the 21st century. -
Heart Valves that Grow
This approach is possible! This will let people have long lasting healthy lives afterwards!