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During this period the church was very rich and powerful. They sold indulgences which got out of purgatory quicker cards. Martin Luther thought this was unholy and started the Reformation
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Zwingli believed in Sola Scriptura- or religion based on only what the scripture said. He believed it was anti-tradition if it didn't come from the bible.
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Martin Luther started the priesthood of all believers. Saying anyone can have a direct relation with god, and anyone can interpret the bible. -
John Clavin believed in Calvinism or pre-destination- The idea that if god knows everything and is everywhere then he already knows if you go into heaven or hell.
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Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the front doors of the church. These theses criticized the church. He was starting to share and spread his ideas and beliefs. -
Luther was put on trial, with Charles V being the emporer/ judge. Luther was branded a heretic and outcasted as an outlaw. His friends would later kidnap him to make sure he was safe -
After Luther was cast as an outlaw he went into hiding.
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Martin Luther wrote the first German bible. This allows peasant and religious folks to really see what the bible says. This also meant that the church had a lot less power because they couldn't translate the bible to favor themselves. -
The Peasant's War was an uprising in Germany. In which peasants revolted against nobles and landlords. Brought by the Reformation they revolted for their land rights
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William Tyndal published the first English Testament. Allowing many to read the actually first Testament. -
During the Diet of Speyer, a little bit of Protestant toleration was allowed. This led to the expansion of Protestantism. -
During 1530 Charles V gained Austria. Then he was elected as the holy roman empower. He gained the Netherlands, Naples/Italy, Mexico, and S America. -
This league defended Protestantism majorly in many empires. It also protected Protestantism from Charles V
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When Henry VIII married Catherine. The Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church were joined together. -
Henry VIII becomes the leader of the church to divorce his wife Cathrine of Aragon. This also separates the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. -
This article called The Institutes of the Christian Religion would become one of the most important articles of the Reformation because it argued to serve god with faith alone instead of with money. -
Pope Paul III accepted Ingnatious's Society of Jesus. These followers called the Jesutis went around many parts of Poland and Germany converting people from Protestantism to Catholicism. -
During the Roman Catholic Church-wide meeting. The church changed many of its Church practices. It set the Roman Catholic Church's trajectory for the next 400 years. It was known as the Counter Reformation
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Martin Luther died at the age of 62 in Germany. -
John Knox along with a few other Protestant believers established Protestantism in Scotland by publishing Reformation Parliament. -
The Book of Common Prayer was important because it changed how Anglicans worshipped. It was the first prayer book to include the complete forms of service and Sunday worship. -
After major religious wars between Charles V and Protestantism Charles V decided to grant Lutheran states toleration. Many Protestant prisoners were released -
Charles V gives up his power. his son gets Spain, brother gets the Holy Roman Empire and Austria. He then goes into retirement into a monastery. -
The 30 Years' War started out as a religious war between the Catholics and the protestants. It eventually turned into a battle about politics and which group would end up ruling Europe. this battle ended with the Catholics winning. However, the war ended up costing 18 million lives and put Spain and Austria into a huge debt.
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After the Thirty Years' war, many places were in huge debt. Not wanting to fight in religious wars anymore they signed the Peace of Westphalia. Saying that whatever the ruler decides is religion of the state, is the religion of the state.