Timeline 3

The kingdom of the Franks

511

After Frankish tribes united, the kingdom of the Franks began to rise as Clovis tried to seize power in his lifetime between 466 - 511

Religon

Period: 570 to 1460

Major events of religions in the west after the fall of Rome

Gregory I as pope

590

590 - 604 Gregory I insisted on papal primacy of the bishops as the church grew.

The rise of Islam

622

Muhammad claims he is visited by the archangel Gabriel and founds the religion of Islam. shortly after he travels to Medina and gathers followers.

Islamic expansion

632

Between 632 and 661 Arabs overran the Persian empire and seized parts of the Byzantine empire moving on to invaded Europe.

Life of Venerable Bede

673

673 - 753 was the lifetime of Venerable Bede, was notable for writing commentaries on the scriptures and translated the gospels into Anglo – Saxon.

Politics and wars

Period: 674 to 1457

Timeline of the various wars and the evolving politics of the post Roman world

Charles Martel

688

688 - 741 Charles Martel was the Mayor of the palace and brought all the Frankish lands under his control. He also defeated the Muslims at the battle of tours in 732 helping to guarantee his son, Pepin, would be chosen as king by the Frankish nobles.

Islamic progress

700

Beginning in the 8th century Islamic civilizations began to rise, one such Caliphate was the Abbasid Caliphate. Here Muslims integrated with Arabic, byzantine, Indian, and Persian cultures, as well as making significant advances in math, science, medicine, and philosophy.

Charlemagne

752

752 - 814 Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom after rising to become king, as well as creating an effective administrative organization to manage the kingdom. The kingdom became a shadow of the former Roman empire but lacked in many areas.

England's rise to a state

800

After the Roman legions left England in the 5th century the Angles and Saxons took over England, until the invasion and conquest of the Danes in the 9th century.

The breakup of Charlemagne's empire

843

After the death of Louis, Charlemagne's son, the empire bagan to fall apart with no strong ruler to keep it all together.

The treaty of Verdun

843

In 843 the Charlemagne's empire was split into three among Louis' sons

Attacks on all sides

843

After the break up of Charlemagne's empire Europe was under attack on all sides. To the north they faced viking raids, to the east the invasion by the Magyars, and to the South, attacks by the Muslims.

Loss of the Mediterranean sea

1000

By the 11th century the Muslims had been driven from Europe and they lost control of the Mediterranean sea.

Saint Amselm

1033

133 - 1109 Saint Amselm became a theological scholar of the church, specifically focusing on the importance of faith in cooperation with understanding.

Norman invason of England

1066

In the mid 11th century the Normans invaded England led by William the Conqueror who was victorious in taking over England after the battle of Hastings in 1066.

Pope Gregory VII

1073

1073 - 1088 advocated to solidify Papal supremacy, especially over kings and emperors. Began the Gregorian reforms of the church and also began conflicting with Henry IV.

The first Crusade

1095

in 1095 Pope Urban II at the council of Clermont called for a war against the Muslims and Turks to take back Jerusalem and the holy lands, claiming it would be a just war.

Concordat of Worms

1122

The pope recognized that bishops are not only church leaders but temporal leaders as well after heated debate.

First Lateran Council

1123

As the Gregorian reforms of the church continued the first Lateran Council decreed the celibacy of the clergy.

Henry II

1154

Henry II was key to the development of Common law and the circuit court system in England.

King John

1199

1199 - 1216 King John reigned during the writing of the Magna Carta that created parliament along with creating Scutage.

Saint Thomas Aquinas

1225

1225 - 1274 took philosophy in faith even farther, rejecting the conservative view that philosophy would contaminate the faith. Believed logic and natural knowledge were not a threat to the faith and set about to reconcile Aristotle and Christianity.

Louis IX

1226

Strengthened France after centuries of instability, after prohibiting private warfare among nobles plaguing the country, and established sound reliable coinage

The pope moves to Avignon

1309

Benedict XI leaves Rome moving the seat of the papacy to Avignon in 1309 to alleviate tensions between the french crown and the church, and remained there until 1377.

Church's reaction to the Plague

1331

1331 - 1332 the Bubonic plague breaks out in the east quickly spreading to Europe. The epidemic was seen as God's wrath resulting in the populace live with extreme piety and spirituality, also lead to the persecution of Jews in Europe.

The Papacy returns to Rome

1377

Pope Gregory XI brings the Papacy back to Rome.

The great Schisim

1378

After the election of Urban VI there were signs of mental instability and was violent with the cardinals, who fled back to Avignon where Clement VII was elected pope. Having two living popes was extremely divisive for the church and the people. After the church failed to rectify the problem the resulting chaos within the church would lead to the protestant reformation in the sixteenth century.

The war of the roses

1453

In 1453 open war broke out in England between the Lancaster's and York's which wasn't ended until Henry VII became king in 1457.