Second Trimester Timeline

By marimar.35
  • 476

    Fall of the Western Empire

  • Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy
    493

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy

    After the fall of Rome, Theodoric, leader of the Ostrogoths, takes over Italy. He actually rules pretty well, mixing Roman traditions with Gothic leadership. His kingdom becomes a mix of old Roman systems and new Gothic power.
  • Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor
    527

    Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor

    Justinian takes over and decides to fix everything, making big legal reforms and ordering the construction of the Hagia Sophia. His wife, Theodora, also plays a huge role in making laws fairer for women. He even tries to take back parts of the old Roman Empire.
  • The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins
    711

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins

  • Battle of Tours
    732

    Battle of Tours

  • Coronation of Charlemagne
    800

    Coronation of Charlemagne

  • Treaty of Verdun
    843

    Treaty of Verdun

  • Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor
    962

    Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor

  • The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches
    1054

    The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches

  • Norman Conquest of England – William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Hastings
    1066

    Norman Conquest of England – William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Hastings

  • Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont
    1095

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont

  • Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade
    1099

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade

  • Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor
    1122

    Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor

  • Launch of the Second Crusade.
    1147

    Launch of the Second Crusade.

  • Battle of Hattin – Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem
    1187

    Battle of Hattin – Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem

  • Beginning of the Third Crusade, led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart
    1190

    Beginning of the Third Crusade, led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart

  • Signing of the Magna Carta in England, laying foundations for constitutional governance
    1215

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England, laying foundations for constitutional governance

  • End of the Albigensian Crusade with the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in southern France
    1229

    End of the Albigensian Crusade with the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in southern France

  • Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European political dynamics
    1241

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European political dynamics

  • Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England becomes an early model of representative government
    1265

    Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England becomes an early model of representative government

  • Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity
    1274

    Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity

  • Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam, asserting papal supremacy
    1302

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam, asserting papal supremacy

  • The Great Famine begins in Europe, severely impacting population and society
    1315

    The Great Famine begins in Europe, severely impacting population and society

  • Outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, drastically reducing the population
    1347

    Outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, drastically reducing the population

  • Beginning of the Western Schism, splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes
    1378

    Beginning of the Western Schism, splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes

  • Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance, sparking early reformist movements
    1415

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance, sparking early reformist movements

  • The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope
    1417

    The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope

  • Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire
    1453

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire

  • Gutenberg prints the first Bible, revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with movable type
    1455

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible, revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with movable type

  • Christopher Columbus’s voyage leads to the European discovery of the Americas.
    1492

    Christopher Columbus’s voyage leads to the European discovery of the Americas.

  • Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal
    1494

    Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal

  • Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, sparking the Protestant Reformation
    1517

    Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, sparking the Protestant Reformation

  • The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings
    1521

    The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings

  • Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V, symbolizing the decline of papal political power.
    1527

    Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V, symbolizing the decline of papal political power.

  • Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.
    1534

    Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.

  • Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, marking a shift in scientific thought.
    1543

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, marking a shift in scientific thought.

  • The Council of Trent commences, launching the Counter-Reformation within the Catholic Church.
    1545

    The Council of Trent commences, launching the Counter-Reformation within the Catholic Church.

  • The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire
    1555

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire

  • The Spanish Armada is defeated by England, altering the balance of naval power in Europe

    The Spanish Armada is defeated by England, altering the balance of naval power in Europe

  • The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe.

    The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe.

  • The English Civil War begins, leading to significant shifts in power and governance.

    The English Civil War begins, leading to significant shifts in power and governance.

  • The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty.

    The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty.

  • The Glorious Revolution in England establishes a constitutional monarchy.

    The Glorious Revolution in England establishes a constitutional monarchy.

  • The English Bill of Rights is enacted, reinforcing parliamentary power and individual rights.

    The English Bill of Rights is enacted, reinforcing parliamentary power and individual rights.

  • The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

    The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession, reshaping the balance of power in Europe.

    The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession, reshaping the balance of power in Europe.

  • Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France.

    Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France.

  • The Seven Years’ War begins, a global conflict that reconfigures colonial empires.

    The Seven Years’ War begins, a global conflict that reconfigures colonial empires.

  • The Battle of the Plains of Abraham decisively influences the fate of New France in North America.

    The Battle of the Plains of Abraham decisively influences the fate of New France in North America.

  • The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution, heralding vast economic and social changes.

    The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution, heralding vast economic and social changes.

  • The American Revolutionary War begins.

    The American Revolutionary War begins.

  • The American Declaration of Independence is adopted. Adam Smith publishes his magnum opus ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’

    The American Declaration of Independence is adopted. Adam Smith publishes his magnum opus ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’

  • The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War.

    The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War.

  • The French Revolution begins, radically transforming French society and politics.

    The French Revolution begins, radically transforming French society and politics.

  • The French National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

    The French National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

  • Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire.

    Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire.

  • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.

    Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.

  • The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

    The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

  • The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.

    The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.

  • The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule.

    The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule.

  • Napoleon invades Russia, a campaign that ultimately weakens his army.

    Napoleon invades Russia, a campaign that ultimately weakens his army.

  • Napoleon abdicates, and the Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe.

    Napoleon abdicates, and the Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe.

  • The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

    The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

  • The Greek War of Independence begins; simultaneously, the Mexican War of Independence concludes

    The Greek War of Independence begins; simultaneously, the Mexican War of Independence concludes