SECOND TRIMESTRE TIMELINE EVENTS

By jachiglop
  • Fall of the Western Roman Empire
    476

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire

  • Establishes
    493

    Establishes

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.
  • Byzantine Emperor
    527

    Byzantine Emperor

    Justinian I ascends as Byzantine Emperor, later initiating major legal and
    architectural reforms.
  • Islamic conquest
    711

    Islamic conquest

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.
  • Battle of Tours
    732

    Battle of Tours

    Battle of Tours – Charles Martel halts the northward advance of Islamic forces.
  • Charlemagne as Emperor
    800

    Charlemagne as Emperor

    Coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor by Pope Leo III, uniting much of Western
    Europe.
  • Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons.
    843

    Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons.

  • Otto Holy Emperor
    962

    Otto Holy Emperor

    Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor, reinforcing the idea of a revived Western
    Empire
  • Orthodox branches
    1054

    Orthodox branches

    The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern
    Orthodox branches.
  • Norman Conquest of England
    1066

    Norman Conquest of England

    Norman Conquest of England – William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at
    Hastings.
  • Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.
    1095

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

  • Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Cru
    1099

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Cru

  • Investiture Controversy
    1122

    Investiture Controversy

    Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy
    and the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • Launch of the Second Crusade.
    1147

    Launch of the Second Crusade.

  • Battle of Hattin
    1187

    Battle of Hattin

    Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem.
  • Beginning of the Third Crusade
    1190

    Beginning of the Third Crusade

    Beginning of the Third Crusade, led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart
  • Carta Magna
    1215

    Carta Magna

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England, laying foundations for constitutional
    governance.
  • End of the Albigensian Crusade
    1229

    End of the Albigensian Crusade

    End of the Albigensian Crusade with the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in
    southern France.
  • Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe
    1241

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European
    political dynamics.
  • England becomes an early mode
    1265

    England becomes an early mode

    Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England becomes an early model of
    representative government.
  • Second Council of Lyons
    1274

    Second Council of Lyons

    Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting
    Eastern and Western Christianity.
  • Pope Boniface VIII
    1302

    Pope Boniface VIII

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam, asserting papal
    supremacy.
  • The Great Famine begins in Europe
    1315

    The Great Famine begins in Europe

    The Great Famine begins in Europe, severely impacting population and society.
  • Reducing the population.
    1347

    Reducing the population.

    Outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, drastically reducing the population.
  • Catholic Church with rival popes.
    1378

    Catholic Church with rival popes.

    Beginning of the Western Schism, splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes.
  • Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance
    1415

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance, sparking early reformist
    movemen
  • : The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope.
    1417

    : The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope.

  • Fall of Constantinople
    1453

    Fall of Constantinople

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the Byzantine
    Empire.
  • Gutenberg prints the first Bible
    1455

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible, revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with
    movable type.
  • Discovery of the Americas
    1492

    Discovery of the Americas

    Christopher Columbus’s voyage leads to the European discovery of the Americas
  • Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal.
    1494

    Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal.

  • Martin Luther
    1517

    Martin Luther

    Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, sparking the
    Protestant Reformation.
  • : The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings
    1521

    : The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings

  • Charles V
    1527

    Charles V

    Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V, symbolizing the decline of papal political
    power
  • Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.
    1534

    Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.

  • Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres
    1543

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, marking a shift
    in scientific thought.
  • Counter-Reformation
    1545

    Counter-Reformation

    The Council of Trent commences, launching the Counter-Reformation within the
    Catholic Church.
  • The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio
    1555

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio, eius religio in the
    Holy Roman Empire.
  • The Spanish Armada is defeated by England

    The Spanish Armada is defeated by England

    The Spanish Armada is defeated by England, altering the balance of naval power
    in Europe.
  • The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe.

    The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe.

  • Civil War begins

    Civil War begins

    The English Civil War begins, leading to significant shifts in power and
    governance.
  • The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War

    The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War

    The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for
    modern state sovereignty.
  • The Glorious Revolution in England establishes a constitutional monarchy.

    The Glorious Revolution in England establishes a constitutional monarchy.

  • The English Bill of Rights

    The English Bill of Rights

    The English Bill of Rights is enacted, reinforcing parliamentary power and
    individual rights.
  • The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

    The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession

    The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession

    The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession, reshaping the balance
    of power in Europe.
  • Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France.

    Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France.

  • The Seven Years’ War begins, a global conflict that reconfigures colonial empires.

    The Seven Years’ War begins, a global conflict that reconfigures colonial empires.

  • The Battle of the Plains

    The Battle of the Plains

    The Battle of the Plains of Abraham decisively influences the fate of New France
    in North America.
  • The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution

    The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution

    The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution, heralding vast economic
    and social changes.
  • The American Revolutionary War begins.

    The American Revolutionary War begins.

  • The American Declaration of Independence is adopted

    The American Declaration of Independence is adopted

    The American Declaration of Independence is adopted. Adam Smith publishes his
    magnum opus ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’
    .
  • The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War.

    The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War.

  • The French Revolution begins, radically transforming French society and politics.

    The French Revolution begins, radically transforming French society and politics.

  • The French National Assembly

    The French National Assembly

    The French National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
    the Citizen.
  • Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire.

    Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire.

  • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.

    Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.

  • The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

    The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

  • The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act

    The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act

    The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act, abolishing the slave trade in
    the British Empire.
  • The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule.

    The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule.

  • Napoleon invades Russia, a campaign that ultimately weakens his army.

    Napoleon invades Russia, a campaign that ultimately weakens his army.

  • Napoleon abdicates, and the Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe

    Napoleon abdicates, and the Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe

  • The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

    The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

  • The Greek War of Independence begins; simultaneously, the Mexican War of Independence concludes

    The Greek War of Independence begins; simultaneously, the Mexican War of Independence concludes