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Charles I, angry about the recent passing of the Petition of Rights (which stated he could only enact loans and taxes with parliamentary consent), dissolved Parliament and didn’t bring it back until November of 1640. People began to resent Charles for making financial and law decisions without any advice from what would be members of Parliament, they hated how he controlled them all. -
Charles I, angry about the recent passing of the Petition of Rights (which stated he could only enact loans and taxes with parliamentary consent), so he invaded Parliament with the intention of arresting several members. They escaped, and Charles created an army to attack them, so in March the Parliament passed the Militia Ordinance, which let them raise their own army. This led to the start of the English Civil War (1642-1646), and with that arose Oliver Cromwell. -
During the English Civil War, the Parliament’s army and supporters (the Roundheads) promoted Oliver Cromwell to a distinguished position within the army and Parliament. He helped lead troops and win the war, gaining the favor of the people and government. This would eventually promote him to be leader of all of England and help the English people question absolutism. -
Oliver Cromwell was elected Lord Proctor of the Commonwealth of England after the English Civil War ended. While he was pro-religious tolerance, his new republic leaned Puritan in it’s religion. He conquered Ireland and Scotland during his rule, and he and Parliament disbanded the monarchy, Anglican Church, and House of Lords. This military dictatorship became hated by the public, due to the loss of political liberty due to the religious Puritan conformity. -
After the much celebrated death of Oliver Cromwell, Charles II arrived in 1661 to take his rightful place on the English throne. He moved the throne towards limited monarchy by (first bringing back monarchy and the Anglican Church, but then) supporting religious toleration, which let the people not have a king who enforced upon them one sect of Christianity. -
James II of England was rebelled against due to his appointing of Catholics to high positions within his army and court. The people were in support of Dutchman William of Orange and his wife Mary to lead their country, so they sailed over and defeated James II. William and Mary took the throne in 1689. -
William III (of Orange) enacted a Bill of Rights for his reign and thereafter. It restricted monarchs to the same laws their people had to follow. They also needed to have consent of Parliament for their actions. This document that began limited monarchies, as it constricted the power that English monarchs could use.