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More- Utopia. It was about an idealized society, that critisized the English social and political structure.
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Luther Composes the 95-theses.
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Huldrych Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.
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A failed revolt in the German areas of Central Europe. Caused the death of up to 100,000 of the 300,000 peasants and farmers who fought.
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Marked a victory for Charles against the League of Cognac.
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A meeting at Marburg Castle in Germany that attempted to solve a dispute between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli. Lasted 4 days.
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Establishes himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
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Anti-Catholic posters appeared overnight in public places in Paris, Blois, Rouen, Tours and Orléans.
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John Calvin's work of Protestant theology. Published in Latin in 1536 and in French in 1541.
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Societ of Jesus professed vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience under the leadership of Ignatius of Loyola.
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An Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church considered to be one of the Church's most important councils
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A battle at Mühlberg in 1547, during the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic princes led by the Charles V defeated the Protestant princes led by Elector John Frederick I and Landgrave Philip I.
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Mary married Philip in July of 1554 and he reigned with her until Nov of 1558.
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A treaty signed in Augsburg between Charles V and the Lutheran princes. It officially made the legal division of Luthern and Catholic.
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An agreement ending the 65-year struggle between France and Spain for the control of Italy,
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In 1601, Shakespeare finished one of his most successful plays, Hamelet.It was a tragedy written about Prince Hamelet and his revenge against his uncle.
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The Thirty Years' War started as a conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the German States. Eventually it erupted, and most of Europe became involved. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia
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Grotius publishes The Laws of War and Peace. It stated that natural law trumps all other types of law inculding divine, scripture, religious authority, or tradition.
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Galileo was forced to live in his house for the rest of his life because of his idea that the earth revolved around the sun and not vice versa. (Italy)
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This is when the French officially Joined the years' war, and helped the Dutch gain their independance from Spain.
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Ruler of France
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It was the beginning of freedom of religion in France. France and Sweeden gained the most from this settlement. The habsburgs losst the most. However, the settlement permanently settled the regions of religion in the Holy Roman Empire.
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Was a rebellion against Mazarin, the elected cardinal of France. Memebers of rebellion were nobles.
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The cossacks rebel against the Polish influences and create an independant Ukrainian state with other social groups, including peasants and nobility.
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Being freed by the French, Spain officially recognizes the Dutch Republic as independant.
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Charles I was texecuted for high treason in January 1649. He was succeeded by his son, Charles II.
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Hobbes wrote this book during the English Civil War. It argued that war would be avoided by a strong centralized government. It is also based off of the biblical creature "Leviathan."
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In 1660, Charles II reinstituted the English Monarchy by English, Scottish, and Irish monarchies. This started the Restoration.
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The slave code stated that slaves must be treated with as much respect as chattel and other goods. So in court, slaves would be considered as chattel.
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The first war of Louis XIV. The enemies were Spain, Dutch Republic, England, and Sweden. It was ended by the Treat of Aix-la Chapelle in 16668 with France gaining towns in the Spanish Netherlands .
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The second war of Louis XIV. The enemies wer Duth Republic, Spian , and the Holy Roman Empire. It ended Treaty of Nijmegan in 1678, which that granted France control over the French Comte and several towns in the Spanish Netherlands.
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Madame de Lafayette wrote The Princess of Cleves anonymously in 1678. It's unique because it starts this idea in literature that focuses more on the character's motives, and emotions, and interior characterizations.
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After the Peace of Westphalia, the Habsburgs were only left with Austrian Empire. However, advancements in weapons allowed them to still retake Turkey from the Ottoman Empire.
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Louis XIV revoke the edict of Nantes making Protestantism illegeal again in France.
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William and Mary were crowned as King and Queen of England, Ireland, and Scottland in 1688
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The final war of Louis XIV. The enemies were the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden, Spain, and England. It ended with the Peace of Rijswijk with Louis returning everything he had conquered or recieved in 1678 except Strasbourg.
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Lcoke published two treatises of gov. One critisized the patriarch system, while the other outlines his idea for a government system. The Essay concerning Human Understanding concerns human nature and understanding.
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In 1694, Bank of England was established, and is the second oldest bank in the world.
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Astell wrote this book to outline her ideas about women's rights and providing both religious and secular education for them.
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Bayle wrote an idex of people, religious beliefs, and philosophies.
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Turks legally are foced to regognize that the Austrian now ruled Hungary and Transylvania.
