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The invention of Gutenberg’s printing press revolutionized the spread of information. For the first time, businesses could mass-produce flyers and pamphlets to reach a wide audience. This milestone laid the foundation for modern advertising by making communication scalable (Davis, 2013).
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The Boston News-Letter published the first paid advertisement in America. This event signaled the start of print advertising, enabling businesses to reach targeted audiences regularly (Presbrey, 1929).
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Mass production and increased consumer demand created a need for structured marketing efforts. Businesses began investing in distribution channels, advertising, and branding to differentiate themselves in crowded markets (Jones, 2005)
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Brands like Coca-Cola and Heinz established consistent packaging and logos. Branding became central to building customer trust and loyalty, transforming products into recognizable identities (Low Fullerton, 1994).
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Radio introduced real-time communication to households. Businesses could now tell stories and emotionally connect with consumers, shifting marketing from informational to relational (Sterling Kittross, 2002).
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Television combined sound and visuals, creating highly persuasive marketing campaigns. Brands leveraged lifestyle and emotional appeals, making TV ads a cultural force (Spigel, 1992).
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The rise of the internet created global marketing opportunities. Websites, email campaigns, and banner ads marked the beginning of digital outreach, allowing two-way communication between businesses and consumers (Kotler Keller, 2016).
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Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok transformed marketing into a highly interactive and personalized experience. Data analytics and influencer marketing enable businesses to micro-target audiences and measure engagement in real time (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010).