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Timeline: Methods and Approaches in English Language Teachin (ELT)

By DaniToast 08

  • Grammar-Translation Method (19th Century – Early 20th Century

    Grammar-Translation Method (19th Century – Early 20th Century
    Theoretical Concept: Based on learning a language through translation and grammatical analysis. Originated from Latin and Greek teaching Teaching Techniques: Classes in the students’ L1, memorization of grammar rules, vocabulary lists, text translation. Strengths: Develops reading and writing skills, deep grammatical knowledge. Weaknesses: Does not promote oral communication or fluency.

  • Direct Method (Late 19th Century – Early 20th Century)

    Direct Method (Late 19th Century – Early 20th Century)
    Theoretical Concept: Inspired by natural language acquisition, rejecting translation and emphasizing oral communication. Teaching Techniques: Exclusive use of the target language, inductive grammar teaching, oral practice through QA. Strengths: Enhances fluency and pronunciation. Weaknesses: Difficult to implement in large groups and without native teachers.

  • Audiolingual Method (1940s–1960s)

    Audiolingual Method (1940s–1960s)
    Theoretical Concept: Based on behaviorism; considers language learning as habit formation through repetition and reinforcement. Teaching Techniques: Structured dialogues, drills, minimal use of L1, emphasis on pronunciation. Strengths: Promotes accuracy in pronunciation and grammar. Weaknesses: Mechanical approach, lacks meaningful and spontaneous communication.