caused by conflict over control of ohio river valley
washington sent as colonel with military ⟶ bad at his job
Treaty of Paris
british gains french canada and spanish florida
also called peace of paris
indigenous communities devastated
spain got louisiana
Pontiac's Rebellion
religious, indigenous leader (Neolin) and follower Pontiac lead efforts to unite Indigenous communities
inspired pan-indian Identity
anti-british movement In ohio river valley
Boston Massacre
many bostonians crowded together at the customs house and the british troops open fired on the colonists
crispus attucks first man to be shot and was an enslaved man
Stamp Act Crisis
caused by stamp act that taxed legal documents, permits, wills, paper products, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, and dice
patrick henry
sons and daughters of liberty
tar and feather tax collectors
make new clothes to continue boycotts
Period: to
American Revolution
a series of battles, declarations, correspondences, and conventions that eventually led to american independence
the first revolutionary war
Declaratory Act
following the repeal of the stamp act
stated that british parliament has control over the american colonists and has the power to tax them
Townshend Acts
adopting Townshend’s program
parliament enacted new taxes on tea, glass, and paper
Lexington and Concord
british troops sent to seize colonial military supplies
colonial militia warned by paul revere and william dawes
they fought but americans retreated without enough ammo
Boston Tea Party
the sons of liberty dressed up as native americans and threw an Import of tea from the east India company Into the boston harbor
Intolerable Acts
also called coercive acts
the boston port act - the british closed the boston harbor until the overthrown tea has been paid for
the massachusetts government act - implemented more british official control over the colonies
the quartering act - required americans to house and feed british soldiers
Quebec Act
british law organizing canadian lands gained by french and establishes roman catholicism as the official religion of quebec
First Continental Congress
in response to Intolerable acts
to restore previous relationship with england
radical delegates ⟶ johnny, sammy, and patrick
moderate delegates ⟶ john dickinson, and georgie
conservative delegates - john jay, and joseph galloway
Bunker Hill
battle fought on breed’s hill and americans claimed victory
Second Continental Congress
delegates split between Independence and resolution
american navy and army created
olive branch petition
Common Sense
a pamphlet written by englishman thomas paine that clearly stated the need for american Independence
easier to understand
Declaration of Independence
document that tells the king that he has broken the social contract and the americans have the right to overthrow him
enlightenment thinking
Period: to
Articles of Confederation
an early form of the constitution that functioned for a while
limited foreign trade
hard to make changes
unicameral
weak national government
used from 1781-1789
Saratoga Battle
militia were losing really bad but they beat the british in this battle
news reaches King Louis in france and he decides to help americans to mess with King George
Battle of Yorktown
the last battle of the american revolution
the british surrendered
Land Ordinance
congress established policy for surveying and selling western lands
one section set aside for public education
Period: to
Northwestern Confederacy
a group of tribes who attacked local militia
supported by british (giving them weapons against encroaching american colonists)
later defeated by U.S. army
Period: to
Shays' Rebellion
new england depression because massachusetts state legislature refused to print currency or to pass pro-debtor laws and enact regressive taxes
hard for farmers to get loans or pay debts
Daniel Shays encouraged western farmers to protest and close down court houses to prevent foreclosures (evicted from farm)
shut down by eastern merchants
displayed need for separation of powers and strong central government
Northwest Ordinance
congress passed laws for creating new states In the territory between the Great Lakes and Ohio River
The Connecticut Compromise
also called the great compromise
combination of the new jersey plan and virginia plan
new jersey plan - unicameral legislature with each state receiving equal representation (favors small states)
virginia plan - bicameral legislature with each state’s representation based on population (favors big states)
The Constitutional Convention
also called the philadelphia convention
all states but rhode Island
created secret, elitist democracy to ratify and develop a new document
in favor of revision of articles = anti-federalists (less central power)
in favor of new document = federalists (more central power)
Period: to
The Federalist Papers
highly progressive essays written for new york newspaper by james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay
The Constitution
three branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive