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First Scheduled Trans Atlantic Service Launched
Black ball line operated scheduled services from the ports of Liverpool, England and New York beginning in 1818.The service than was expanded to include Philadelphia and Boston twice each month.It was one of the first steam powered packet ships that offered regular passenger. -
P&O is founded
In 1837 the company won a contract from the government to deliver mail Iberian peninsula. -
Cunard line is founded
Samual Cunard formed the British and North American Royal Mail steam- packet company. With George burns and Robert Napier. They operated the lines four pioneer paddle steamers on the Liverpool Halifax Boston route. It became the fastest Atlantic voyage -
Cows travel on board
Britannia, a cruise ship operated by Cunard left Liverpool with cows on board to provide a fresh supply of milk to passengers. -
P&O introduced first leisure cruises
PO began offering sailing from the UK to the Mediterranean.These voyages were the first of their kind and the forerunner of modern cruise holidays.this would later be expanded to much of the British empire , including calls to India, Australia and New Zealand. ( customer type and demand ) these were originally aimed at those with higher levels of wealth such as royalties, nobles and senior government. -
First cruise between New York and Europe
The ship Quaker city was the first cruise from New York to Europe -
First 100% steel structured ship
PO launched the ship Ravenna , which is the first to be constructed with a 100% steel structure. (Technological development- this marked the first time a ship had been designed using 100% steel.this created a more solid structure compared to more traditional wood structure. -
Electric lights
The first ship to have electric lights is launched called ss Valletta ( technological development) -
First ship exclusively for cruising launched.
The first ship exclusively built for cruising was the prinzessin Victoria Luise of Germany.it was built in Germany and launched in 1900 for Hamburg America line.most of the cruises were from Hoboken New Jersey to the Caribbean and also the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. -
Titanic sinks
The titanic sinks, it was a British ocean liner that sank in the early hours of the 15 of April 1912 as a result of striking a iceberg on her voyage from Southampton to New York.of the 2,224 aboard approximately 1,500 died.the ship operated the white star line and carried some of the wealthiest people. -
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Glamour of cruising
Between the years 1920 and 1930 were considered the most glamorous for passengers seeking to cross the Atlantic.the ships were catering to the rich and famous. ( customer type and Demand)
( social and economic changes) -
Cruise lines merge
White star line merge with their main rival Cunard line.the line would remain as a single company until 2005 when it was merged into carnival cooperation plc. (Integration) -
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World war 2
Many cruise ships were used to transport troops heading to war. Cruises and transatlantic sailing come to abrupt end.many ocean liners were destroyed during the war. -
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ten pound poms
over one million people paid a fare of just £10 for a passage to Australia, which earned them then nickname of the ten pound poms. most of these travelling with PO. ( Social and economic changes) -
Growth of air travel
Large passenger jet aircraft were introduced, with travellers switching from ships to planes.this caused a rapid decline in passenger numbers. -
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Increasing the appeal
Cruise lines begin to focus on improving the passenger experience to attract more passengers.this included large public ballrooms, public lounges, swimming pools, with some cruise lines a,so introducing on board ceremonies. ( social and economic changes )
( technological advances)
( changes in customer type demand) -
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Growth of cruise lines
during this half century, many more of the modern cruise lines were founded. There was princess cruises in 1965, Norwegian cruise line in 1966, then the royal Caribbean in 1968, MSc in 1970, carnival in 1972, ce3lebritiy in 1989 and silver sea in 1994.this significantly increased the number of cruise lines available, attracting more customers. (customer type and demand} -
love boat launches on itv
the love boat launched in 1977 was set on the princess cruises ship. this ran to 1990 and is believe to be a big contributor towards the success and popularisation of cruising. (customer type demand) -
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more new cruise lines emerge
there was a range of different cruises launched for example celebrity cruises in 1989, Disney cruise in 1995, regent seven seas cruises in 1990, silver sea in 1994 and then many more were also founded. (customer type and demand) -
Thompson restart their cruise line
Thompson restart their cruise line called sun cruises.it was rebranded Thomson cruises shortly after, before being rebranded again in 2017 as meralla cruises. (tour operator integration) -
growth of large corporations
Cunard is purchased by carnival corporations in 1988, increasing the number of cruise lines they own. During this period, royal Caribbean group also continue to expand and introduce new cruise lines (integration)) -
internet at sea
the first cruise ship to have internet at sea is launched in 1999.norweigen sky becomes the first cruise ship to offer an internet café with paid pay as you go internet access. (technological advances) -
carnival corporation acquire P&O cruises
PO cruises is acquired by carnival corporation in 2003. (integration) -
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launch of the three queens
Cunard launch three new ships which are known as the three queens. queen mary62 in 2004, queen Victoria in 2007 and the queen Elizabeth in 2010 ( technological advances) -
oasis of the seas
royal Caribbean launch oasis of the seas which becomes the worlds largest cruise ship, capable of carrying over 6000 passengers. including a aqua theatre, park at seas. This was a first in the world for many things. (technological advances) -
costa Concordia sinks
the Costa Concordia sinks when it hits an underwater rock which was near the island Isola del Giglio. They had to evacuate the passengers and this took over 6 hours and 32 people died. The accident raised concerns about the cruise ship safety. -
virgin group announce virgin voyages
virgin voyages is announces and plan to offer adult only cruises. Their first cruise ship, scarlet lady, launched in 2021. (customer type and demand)
(tour operator integration) -
P&O launch britannia
PO launch Britannia which becomes the largest vessel created for the British market. it included Britain's first cookery school at sea and cutting -edge entertainment. (technological development)
(customer type and demand -
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covid-19 pandemic
the global cruise industry collapses as governments around the world add travel restrictions.in 202 diamond princess was quarantined off japan for 2 weeks until passengers and crew were evacuated.712 were infected with covid-19.
nearly 30 cruise ships were scraped during the covid-19 pandemic and some cruise lines went into administration. (social and economic changes) -
icon of the seas set sail
royal Caribbean launch the icon of the seas, which becomes the worlds largest cruise ship capable of carrying a maximum of 7,600 passengers and 2,350 crew.it included the largest swim up bar at sea, ice skating and the first suspended infinity pool at sea (technological advances)