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The Tehuacán began to experiment with agriculture -
There is evidence that between 5000 and 7000 chili and corn began to be used -
Farmers grow corn successfully -
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Beans, corn, chili and squash became a great source of food -
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Music was used in rituals, festivities and for communication.
The instruments were made with bones, clay, shells, wood, seeds and animal skins. -
Olmec culture emerges in the southeast of the country -
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The pre-Hispanic city of Cholula is located 7 km from the current City of Puebla de Zaragoza in the State of the same name. It is a city with a long cultural history that goes back at least to the Late Preclassic, but it is until the Classic that the city becomes important as it forms part of the commercial network of Teotihuacán to the southeast, the region where the thin orange pottery came from. of great commercial importance at that time.
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Mayan culture emerges in Chichen Itza and Palenque -
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Zapotecan culture emerges
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It was one of the most important cities in Mesoamerica. It was founded in 500 BC on top of a mountain in the center
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The antiquity of Cobá dates back to the historical period known as the Late Preclassic (100-250 AD), although it was not until the Late Classic, between 600 and 900 AD, when the city reached its greatest splendor, managing to maintain its importance. politics, until the so-called Late Postclassic, that is, until the years 900-1200 AD. C. Cobá was one of the largest and most populated sites in the region,
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They invented the chinampa that are nothing more than a floating planter and agriculture was a success -
The construction of Paquimé is widely attributed to people who demonstrated the marked characteristics of the Mogollón culture, which existed from c. 200 - 1450 CE in what is southern New Mexico and Arizona, as well as northern Mexico, but lively scholarly debate continues over the exact ethnicities and origins of the peoples who lived and founded Paquimé.
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It was the capital of a powerful dynasty that dominated an extensive region, which included the north of Chiapas and the south of Tabasco. This city stands out for its urban development, for the high quality of its architectural and sculptural works, as well as for its numerous and well-preserved glyphic inscriptions.
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Teotihuacan culture. Pyramid constructions near present-day Mexico City
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Although important details are unknown, such as the place of provenance of the founders or the specific reasons why the culture disappeared, the archaeological remains indicate that during approximately eight hundred years Teotihuacan was the cultural center political and religious of Mesoamerica, so naturally it exercised its influence on other cultures.
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The Mayans discovered a cacao tree in the rainforest and used them to make beverages. -
It is said that the city of Uxmal was founded by the Xiues tribe. The occupation of the site dates back to the Upper Preclassic BC, however, the largest volume of construction work was carried out during the Late Classic period (600-1000 AD). It had a population of approximately 20,000 inhabitants.
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The Itzáes settled in Chichén Itzá in the 9th century AD. It is believed that they were Putun or Chontal Mayans. They forged a vast domain with a unified culture whose center was Chichen Itza. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city was invaded by a predominantly warrior tribe: the Toltecs.
The legendary Mayan city of Chichen Itza, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988 and a Wonder of the World since 2007 -
Located in the State of Veracruz, the city of El Tajín reached its apogee between the beginning of the 9th and the 13th centuries, becoming the most important in northeastern Mesoamerica after the fall of the Teotihuacán Empire. -
The archaeological zone of Tula, located to the north of the Basin of Mexico, is the settlement that after the Epiclassic or Late Classic period, unified, through trade and conquest, a vast territory in Mesoamerica, noting its influences from the area of the shoal to the Yucatan Peninsula, and even to El Salvador and Nicaragua. Its strategic position allowed it to control products such as turquoise, from northern Mesoamerica.
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The monuments that can be visited here are distributed in five groups, four of which are very similar to each other, being formed by two quadrangular patios surrounded by large halls on each of their sides. The other set is a single patio surrounded by stepped foundations made of adobe. The main characteristic of this area is that the façades of the halls and their interior walls are richly decorated with limestone mosaics forming frets.
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Tulum is the gateway to the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987, one of the most exuberant ecosystems on the planet that includes beaches, coral reefs, an abundant tropical jungle, dunes and cenotes.
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Aztec culture emerges -
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The Aztecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan -
This wealth led to the construction of large religious, civil, and industrial buildings, as well as an entire infrastructure that included underground streets, tunnels, dams, and mining facilities, both in the central area and in neighboring neighborhoods. The “Boca del Infierno” stands out, a mine shaft 12 meters in diameter and 600 meters deep. -
Xochimilco is particularly important due to the existence of chinampas. They have their origin in a Mesoamerican agricultural technique that was developed and shared by several towns in the Valley of Mexico. After the desiccation of the Anáhuac lakes, only Xochimilco and Tláhuac9 retain the chinampería. In order to contribute to the conservation of the lake environment, UNESCO proclaimed the chinampas of Xochimilco as a World Heritage Site in 1987. -
The first Spaniards arrived in the new world and with them the exchange of products -
The hexagonal wall measured 2,720 m in perimeter and consisted of eight bastions and four gates. Currently, you can admire part of its wall, two of its gates and seven bastions, which are home to museums such as the Xmuch'Haltún Didactic Botanical Garden; that of Popular Art; the Mayan Architecture; that of the City of Campeche; the one of the Mayan Culture and a museum on pirates. -
Built in the 16th century, this aqueduct is located in the central Mexican plateau between the states of Mexico and Hidalgo. The hydraulic complex is mainly made up of a water catchment area and fountains, a network of canals, a set of reservoirs and a series of aqueduct-bridges. One of these bridges has the largest single-level arch built in all time for a work of this kind. -
Its construction began in the 16th century and was a key element in the ordering of the new city, where bridges, convents, hospitals, squares, sentry boxes and urban constructions of all kinds soon flourished, making the capital of New Spain the first , and after independent Mexico, one of the most active cultural centers. -
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Hernán Cortés, with the help of other indigenous peoples, defeats the Aztecs. Hispanization and Christianization of the indigenous people begins. -
The Spanish were introduced a chocolate and vanilla drink favorite of Montezuma -
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There was a musical evangelization by the Spanish.
They brought with them instruments to New Spain: violins, guitars, trumpets, among others. -
The Audiencia de México is established -
Puebla is characterized by its stately colonial architecture, both civil and religious, which has been magnificently preserved and makes walking through the streets of its historic center an extraordinary experience. You can see the various facades that harmoniously combine tiles and bricks with reliefs of white mortar with the Pueblan interpretation of the baroque style. -
Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, first viceroy of New Spain of the 63 who would rule for almost 300 years. -
The musical background of both cultures, Spanish and indigenous, mixes little by little over 300 years, giving rise to a narrative musical genre that extends throughout the Mexican Republic: the corrido.
Serenades begin to be sung at festivals and fairs.
Country life is told through ranchera songs.
A mestizo genre is born: the son.
The black population provides rhythmic richness. -
Mixton War -
Chichimeca War -
Built on the steep slope of a narrow valley, the panorama it offers is one of impressive beauty. It preserves numerous old buildings, both religious and civil, dominated by the silhouette of the cathedral, built between 1730 and 1760. This temple is an exceptional architectural work due to the harmony of its layout and the profuse baroque ornamentation of its facades, in which They combine European decorative motifs with indigenous ones. -
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Rebellion of the Pericues -
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Revolt of the Mayans of Cisteil -
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This hospice was created at the beginning of the 19th century to provide care and shelter to all kinds of homeless people, whether they were orphans, elderly, disabled or disabled. The architectural complex is unique in its kind because, unlike similar centers of its time, it presents a series of absolutely original elements, specially designed to meet the needs of asylum seekers. -
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Mexico begins the fight for it's independence -
During the armed movement, those who participated in the war ate what they found along the way, and some accompanying women were the cooks of the Insurgent Army. The independence prisoners were fed with this menu: chocolate with bread in the morning, pot rice at noon and temole for dinner
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Mexico declares its independence -
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At the end of independence, foreigners from Europe and the United States arrived and introduced some of their customs in food
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The Constitutive Act establishes the First Republic. A Constitution is approved that deposits the executive power in the president of the United Mexican States -
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By the year 1831, the first recipe books of Mexican cuisine appeared in Mexico -
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Mexico takes the form of a federal government. The war with the United States begins. -
After the loss of almost half of the Mexican territory as an inheritance of that old Mexican territoriality, and as a result of subsequent border contact, a hybrid genre of the ranchera song emerges: country, which, like the cowboy festivals, widely shares both nations in a musical genre today called Tex-mex.
-Huastec and Huapango -
After the war with the United States, Mexico ceded half of its territory (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada and Colorado) -
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Dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna -
Ayutla Revolution -
Reform period, liberals prevail over conservatives. The Ayutla Revolution ends the dictatorship of Santa Anna. Benito Juárez leads the republican resistance.
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Juarez Law, Lerdo Law, Iglesias Law
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Under the influence of German immigrants, for whose musical life wind instruments occupy a preponderant place, noisy instrumental groups of clarinets, trumpets, saxophones, snare and bass drum emerged: the tambora, creating genres of music that survive to this day.
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Benito Juárez becomes president. His government leads liberal reforms but is interrupted due to the intervention of the French army. Archduke Maximilian of Austria is invested by Napoleon III as Emperor of Mexico. The French are defeated by Benito Juárez with the help of the United States. -
At that time the sound of mariachi arises. Originally it was performed with a harp, three violins, a vihuela, one or several sixth guitars and percussion, with the same instrumentalists singing the couplets.
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Inhabitants of Central Europe, who came to Mexico to participate in the construction of the railways, inherited the accordion and the happy rhythms that were generalized in that area to the northern region of the country: the redova, the polka and the chotís. Meanwhile, high society reveled in the waltz.
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Emperor Maximiliano de Austria is shot by Benito Juárez. -
Government from Juarez to Lerdo
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-Bolero
-The danzón
-The mambo
-The cumbia -
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Just before the 1876 elections against President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, Porfirio Diaz was successful and then served as President from November 23, 1876 to November 30, 1880. -
The upper class in the haciendas, they brought experts from France, during the thirty years of the Porfiriato, the French influence increased in Mexican cuisine -
Under the dictatorship of President Porfirio Díaz, the industrialization of the country begins and it begins to depend economically on the United States. -
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Economic growth: investment of foreign capital
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Capitalism in Mexico
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November 20: The Mexican Revolution begins, driven by discontent between peasants and urban workers, led by Emiliano Zapata. The initial motivation is to overthrow President Porfirio Díaz and establish free and democratic elections. -
In Mexico at the time of the revolution, people ate what was in the striped stores. The people were very poor, and could only eat corn, beans, chili, rice and could drink water from the well or aguardiente. It was hardly enough for them, and they were very poor. They could, however, on some haciendas, take ears of corn that were less than a foot long. -
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In art music some opera singers and pianists stood out in the Old Continent; and composers of Romanticism emerged, among whom are Ricardo Castro and Manuel M. Ponce.
The corrido reaches its peak.
Syrup prevails. -
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The dictator Porfirio Díaz is defeated. Francisco I. Madero assumes the presidency of the country.
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President Francisco Madero is assassinated. Victoriano Huerta assumes command. -
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Victoriano Huerta resigns and is succeeded by Venustiano Carranza. -
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US troops enter Mexico in search of revolutionary Pancho Villa -
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New constitution with the objective of guaranteeing a permanent democracy in Mexico, a constitution that remains in force -
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Revolutionary Emiliano Zapata is killed in an ambush -
The assassination of Venustiano Carranza occurs, starting the civil war -
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The Revolutionary Officialist Party is founded, which will later be called the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) -
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The twin houses for Diego and Frida, current headquarters of the Casa Estudio Museum, declared an Artistic Monument in 1998, was built on behalf of Diego Rivera, in 1931, for the young architect and friend of the couple, Juan O'Gorman. This important work was one of the first functionalist constructions in Latin America, incorporating the organic Mexican style in a very natural way. This set was a house for Frida and another for Diego, which should each have their own study. -
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President Lázaro Cárdenas initiates the program of nationalization of the oil industry, agrarian reform and industrial expansion
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It is a multifunctional building, which is why it houses various stages and artistic spaces such as the Palace of Fine Arts Museum and the National Architecture Museum. The first permanently exhibits 17 mural works by seven national artists executed from 1928 to 1963, including Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros and José Clemente Orozco, being the oldest in the country dedicated to national plastic production. In 1987 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. -
Nationalization policy
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They demand payment on the 7th day -
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Leon Trotsky is assassinated in Mexico
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Nationalist Cultural Movement: José Pablo Moncayo, Carlos Chávez and Silvestre Revuelta in music.
Currently there are about 22 orchestras in Mexico. -
Mexico becomes involved in World War II alongside the allies and declares war on Japan and Germany after the sinking of several tankers by German submarines in the Gulf of Mexico. -
Workers' Agrarian Party
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Mexico joins the United Nations Organization -
Mexico joins the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
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Mexico accesses the UN Security Council for the first time as a non-permanent member
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The female vote is granted under the presidency of Adolfo Ruiz Cortines -
The multifamily idea changed the scale and ways of living in Mexican cities in the 20th century. More than seventy years after the first case of collective housing in Mexico, the book 'The first modern multifamily - Presidente Alemán Urban Center', published by Fundación ICA and Fundación Miguel Alemán A.C., proposes a magazine to CUPA through its design, density , permanence and social transformation to understand the aesthetic dimension, urban approach and social function of his proposal. -
Built in 1948, represents one of the most important contemporary architectural works in the international context, recognized by UNESCO by including it, in 2004, in its World Heritage list. The only individual property in Latin America that has achieved such a distinction, because it is a masterpiece in the development of the modern movement, which integrates traditional and vernacular elements in a new synthesis, as well as diverse philosophical and artistic currents of all times. -
It was built by the architects Mario Pani, Enrique del Moral and Salvador Ortega Flores. Under a modern-urban vision, the tower is built with a structure of columns and reinforced concrete slabs. The stairs, elevators and services are arranged in the form of blind cubes and covered with glazed slab. It features an architectural style known as "Le Corbusian", named after the French architect Le Corbusier, considered one of the clearest exponents of modern urban architecture. -
The Central Library (BC) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) is a general library that has multidisciplinary collections open to the entire university community. It is located in Mexico City, within the UNAM University City (CU). It is the largest of the 133 libraries that make up the UNAM Library and Information System (SIBIUNAM), coordinated by the General Directorate of Libraries and Digital Information Services (DGBSDI). -
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The University Olympic Stadium (initially called Ciudad Universitaria Stadium, and occasionally referred to as Estadio México 68) is a 1952 multipurpose sports venue belonging to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, designed by architects Augusto Pérez Palacios, Jorge Bravo and Raúl Salinas Moro.2. It was the main venue for the 1968 Olympic Games, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as the athletics competitions. -
Adolfo Ruiz Cortinez 1952-1958
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Marxist ideology -
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XIX Olympic Games in Mexico City -
Student manifestations. Tlatelolco massacre -
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Discovery of huge offshore oil reserves
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Tequila received the appellation of origin on October 13, 1977
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José López Portillo 1976-1982 -
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Mexico accesses the UN Security Council for the second time
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Alfonso García Robles receives the Nobel Peace Prize for disarmament negotiations -
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Miguel de la Madrid lays the foundations of neoliberalism
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Serious earthquake in Mexico City, causing thousands of deaths -
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Mexico hosts the celebration of the World Cup -
Resist the Carpiso Plan -
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Eliminate capitalism
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (TLCAN or NAFTA) with the US and Canada is ratified -
Guerrilla rebellion in the state of Chiapas
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Mexico joins the World Trade Organization (WTO)
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After more than 70 years in power, the PRI loses the elections. The PAN candidate, Vicente Fox, wins. -
This is how we arrived at the 21st century and how the "new Mexican cuisine" was born, framed within the new haute cuisine that emerged from the traditional in other places.
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Felipe Calderón (PAN) wins the presidential elections over Andrés Manuel López Obrador -
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Mexican magnate Carlos Slim surpasses Bill Gates in the list of richest people in the world
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On November 16, 2010, Mexican cuisine was recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO -
PRI candidate Enrique Peña Nieto wins the presidential elections -
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