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The American School for the Deaf was founded in Hartford, Connecticut by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. It was the first permanent school for the deaf in the United States. This school marked the beginning of formal special education in America for students that are deaf and hard of hearing. -
The landmark Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It laid the groundwork for inclusion by establishing that all children deserve equal educational opportunities. It became a key legal precedent in future special education cases. -
This case established the right to free public education for children with intellectual disabilities. The court ruled that students could not be denied access to education based on a disability. This case influenced later on the federal legislation. Timetoast -
Section 504 prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs that receive federal funding, including public schools. It ensures students with disabilities to have equal access to education. This was one of the first federal civil rights laws protecting individuals with disabilities. -
This law guaranteed a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment for students with disabilities. It required schools to create individualized education programs, also known as an IEP. This act laid the foundation for modern special education services. -
This Supreme Court case clarified that schools must provide some educational benefit to students with disabilities, but not necessarily the best possible education. It was the first special education case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision emphasized the importance of access to support services. -
The ADA extended civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities in all public areas, including schools. It increased accessibility and reinforced inclusive practices in education and employment. This law further promoted integration of students with disabilities. -
IDEA replaced EAHCA and expanded services for students with disabilities. It emphasized access to general education curriculum and inclusion in mainstream classrooms. This law remains the cornerstone of special education today. Timetoast -
NCLB increased accountability in schools and required all students, including those with disabilities, to meet state academic standards. It emphasized the inclusion of students with disabilities in standardized testing and general education classrooms. While controversial, it highlighted equity in education. -
In this Supreme Court case, the court ruled that students with disabilities are entitled to an educational program reasonably calculated to enable progress. It raised the standard for what constitutes an “appropriate” education under IDEA. This strengthened the rights of students and families.