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a) Written public laws and proportional punishment.
b) The ruler recorded rules so everyone knows the law and the penalty usually wound match the crime.
c) c. 1754 BCE -
a) It limits the king’s power and establishes due process and lawful judgment.
b) People cannot be imprisoned, dispossessed, or punished except by the lawful judgment of their equals or by the law of the land. The charter records specific liberties for free men and restrains arbitrary royal actions.
c) June 15, 1215. Reissued with changes in 1216, 1217 and 1225. -
a) Natural liberty, rights, and government by consent.
b) People are born free and government only has authority because people agree to it, so government power should be limited.
c) 1689 -
Declaration of the Rights of Man (France) (1789)
a) Sovereignty resides in the nation and liberty is limited only to prevent harm to others.
b) Political power comes from the people. Everyone can act freely so long as they do not harm others, and laws set those limits.
c) 1789 -
a) Voting rights cannot be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
b) The federal government and states may not prevent citizens from voting on the basis of race or past enslavement.
c) 1870 -
a) Legal enfranchisement of women, including Māori and Pākehā.
b) New Zealand granted women the right to vote nationwide, making it the first country to do so.
c) 1893 -
a) Universal standard of human rights and obligation of states to promote and protect them.
b) Every person everywhere has basic rights and nations should teach, promote, and secure those rights.
c) 1948 -
a) Commitment to democracy, human rights, rule of law, and shared institutions.
b) European nations agreed to work together under common democratic rules and institutions to protect rights and reduce division.
c) 1993