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Brown vs Board of education-Supreme Court first heard the argument
-overturned “separate bur equal”.
-determined that segregated schools were unconstitutional.
-Helped start desegregation in schools across the U.S. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/brown-v-board-of-education#:~:text=On%20May%2017%2C%201954%2C%20U.S.,amendment%20and%20was%20therefore%20unconstitutional -
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Montgomory bus boycott
-Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man and she was arrested.
-The boycott was led by Martin Luther King jr. and It lasted for over a year.
-The boycott resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that segrigation on bussed was unconstitutional.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Montgomery-bus-boycott -
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Greensboro sit ins
-Black students sat at a white only lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.
-This led to desegregation at lunch counters and the creation of the SNCC. https://www.britannica.com/event/Greensboro-sit-in -
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Freedom riders
-Groups of black and white activists rode bussed through the south.
-They experienced with violence, especially in Alabama.
-The protests caused the government to enforce desegregation in public transportation. https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/freedom-riders -
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Birmingham campaign
-Nonviolent protest against segregation that was met with the violent attacks from the police.
-The Birmingham campaign captured national attention.
-Led to desegregation of the city and helped lead to the civil rights act. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/birmingham-campaign-of-1963/ -
March on Washington
-250,000 people gathered in Washington D.C..
-Wanted racial equality, jobs, and equal opportunity’s.
-MLK gave his I have a dream speech. https://www.nps.gov/articles/march-on-washington.htm -
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Freedom Summer
“In July of 1964 due to increased awareness of the civil rights movement and pressure from supporters across the nation. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the civil rights act on 1964.” https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/vote/freedom-summer -
Civil rights act
-The civil rights act made it illegal to discriminate based on race, religion, gender, or nationality in public places and jobs.
- Enforced desegregation and discrimination. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/civil-rights-act -
Voting rights act
-Southern states implemented discriminatory and unnecessary things like Literacy tests, and poll taxes.
-The Voting rights acts goal was to eliminate the discriminatory practices in the U.S. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/voting-rights-act -
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March from Selma to montgomory
-African American Activists marched for their voting rights.
-The first march was stopped by police who were violent and aggressive towards the activists.
-The second march turned around at the bridge because they wanted a nonviolent protest.
-The third march was successful because it had government protection and thousands of people showed up.
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/324821#:~:text=Fifty%20years%20ago%2C%20on%20March,wanted%20to%20make%20it%20impossible -
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Loving vs Virginia
-Supreme Court ruled that laws that banned interracial marrage were unconstitutional .
-The case argued that Virginias laws went against the 14th amendment.
-Loving vs. Virginia made inter racial marrage legal across the U.S. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/388/1/