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Mohammed is born. The exact date of his birth is unknown but it is thought to be in the year 570. He was born in the city Mecca and raised by his uncle / grandparents.
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The angel Gabriel visted Muhammed one night and told him that he was a prophet that has to carry on the message that there was only one god and his name was Allah.
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In Mecca Mohammed tried spreading his religion. Most people didn't like his idea of only one god. They threatened to kill him if he didn't leave Mecca. Mohammed took his followers and left for Medina to hide.
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After hiding in Medina Mohhamed marches back to Mecca with his army of followers. They conquer Mecca and name it the holy city of Islam.
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Mohammed passes away in Mecca. His followers are devasted but they continue to spread Islamic faith.
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Uthman was assassinated in 641. He was 3 third Calpih, or successor to Muhammed
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Muawiya becomes the Caliph and starts the Umayyad Dynasty. It grew to become the biggest dynasty yet.
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Tariq ibn Ziyad begins the conquest for Andalusia or Southern Spain. The Arab conquest for India or Sind is lead by Muhammad ibn Qasim.
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After capturing the Indus Valley the Arabs do not attack further.
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The defeat at the battle of Tours stopped the Muslim's advance into western Europe.
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Abbasids captures Damascus which ends Umayyad rule.
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At this time they were just adventureres
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The First Crusade was the long fight over Jerusalem.
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The Christian crusaders took over Jerusalem and the Muslims and Christians fought over it for a long time. After a while the Christians win control over Jerusalem and end The First Crusade
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The sultan of Ghur defeated the Hindu armies and made Delhi the capital.
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A sultanate is a land ruled by a sultan. This marks the start of Muslim rule in Northern India.
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The Mongols attack Syria and within 10 days the city surrenders.
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They expanded throughout Asai Minor and souwthwestern Europe. Their capital was located in the Balkan Peninsula
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Tamerlane raids and defeats Dehli easily. He forces the captured to build Tamerlane's capital
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Tamerlane raids and defeats Delhi with ease and forces the captured to build his capital
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The Ottomans attack Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine empire. They capture Constantinople, make it the capital of the Ottoman empire and the Byzantine Empire crumbles.
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The dynasty unites a strong empire in present day IRan. They were between 2 strong empire and were in war constanltly.
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From 1520 to 1566 the Ottoman Empire was in a golden age under the rule of the sultan Suleiman.
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Babur leads the charge and defeats the sultan Ibrahim. He then conquers India
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Even though Suleiman failes to capture Vienna the rest of Western Europe is frightened.
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After defeating the army of the sultanate Babur sweeps through India and begins the Mughal Dynasty
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From 1588 to 1629 Shah Abbas rules the Safavid Empire. He centralizes the governmnet and creates a powerful military.
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The rest of Europe devolps better miitary technology while the Ottomans still relied on agriculture. Slowly, the Ottomans were chipped away at untill they fell.
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The Sunni Afghan rebe, they defeat imperal armies and force the Safavid ruler to stand down.
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The Mughal Dynasty falls apart.
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Caliph Harun al-Rashid rules Baghdad from 786-809 when it reached its peak. He was an admired leader who was seen as a symbol of welth
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In Spain, Egyp, and more seperate dynasties appeared and the Caliph's power went down. Civil wars began and the Shiite took over parts of the empire.
