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Old Norse poem (epic) about a hero named Beowulf. Includes examples of the barbarian behavior and lifestyle, as well as religious syncratism between Christianity and norse mythology
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Tacitus wrote his Germania because he wanted to show how bad the Romans have become without angering the emperor. Did this by comparing Germans to Romans while lifting the Germans up into a better light, to make them seem great, even better than the Romans. This writing is interpreted in the wrong way by future Germans, creating Nazis
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Proclamation signed by Constantine tolerating all religions in the Roman empire.
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Confirmed the belief of one form of Christianity, with one God. Announced that other forms such as Arianism was false.
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First time in 800 years Rome has been taken. Start of the downfall of the western portion of the Empire. Rome was not capital anymore, and was sacked many more times in years to come
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In order to protect other vast regions of the empire, the legions left, leaving the major cities undefended
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Theodosius 2 surround Constantinople with massive wars for protection
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First race of kings of France. United all of the Franks in that area. First order since downfall of rome
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converted to Christianity, therefore slowly making the other barbarians christian too.
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Procedural code containing a long list of crimes and punishments. Also contains civil law, states that women cannot own land. Issued late in the reign of clovis
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Revolt against emperor Justinian of the byzantine empire. Started at the chariot races between the different factions, but was fueled by the anger at Justinian for executing the heads of their factions as well as his reforms such as being in a constant state of war. Riots lasted for 5 days, but ultimately Justinian retains power.
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Accounted for 20 years of detailed and accurate history in his time period.
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Because the legions left, the people were left undefended, and untrained. The Anglo Saxon invasion was successful
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Point when islam became a real religion as in medina, he gained many followers
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Spreads Islam to Mecca, and eliminates opposition against him. JIHAD
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first great muslim empire. Centralized around damascus
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Creates shia sunni split, civil war
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Original function is uncertain, but it is believed that Muhammad the prophet ascended into to heaven there
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Won by charles martel, over the moors, a muslim race in spain. Battle over the survival of christianity
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overthrew umayyad caliphate. was destroyed by mongol invasion. Moved the capital to Baghdad, and started focusing east instead of west
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Family of Frankish aristocrats, controlled western France.
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first Carolingian king. father of Charlemagne
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Charlemagne is crowned emperor of Rome. First emperor crowned in over a hundred years. Organizes a power structure in medieval Europe
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Turkish people who converted to Sunni islam. Were able to conquer most of Persia, and were not very tolerant of other "pagan" religions.
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The split between the Greek orthodox and roman catholic church.
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Christians try to capture it from Saladin
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A text of old Norse poems written by Snorii Sturlson, one of the first attempts to devise a rational explanation for mythological and legendary events. First time someone had recorded values of the Germanic tribes, as they did not write anything down
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Crusade called by Pope Innocent III to conquer Jerusalem by going through Egypt
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Traveled all across Asia on pilgrimage to mecca, and wrote down accounts of his travels