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Muhammad was born in 570 in the city of Mecca. He was orphaned at a young age and was raised by his grandparents.
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The histroy of Islam and its empires
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In 610 Muhammad was visited by Angel Gabriel at Mt. Hira. He was told that he was a prophet sent to Earth by God.
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By 613, Muhammad began preaching his new ideas in Mecca. Some people were attracted to Islam, but many people feared that with Muhammads growing popularity Mecca would lose its status as a holy city.
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In 622 the new religion Islam began. It was founded by Muhammad. His followers were called Muslims, and they spread Islam throughout the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Europe.
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Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina after years of attacks. This date was known as the Hijrah. Medina is where Muhammad gained new converts who put Islam above their clans and families. he taught respect for people of the book (Christians and Jews).
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In 630, Muhammad and his troops returned to Mecca. He had 10,000 troops and they conquered the city. They destroyed the god statues in the Ka'aba, leaving only the statue for Allah. This time, the people in Mecca converted to Islam.
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Muhammad died in 632. But, his faith began to spread.
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The Islamic people enter Egypt and defeat the Byzantine Army. This was seen as a great conquest.
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655 was when the Islam religion began to spread throughout North Africa.
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Imam Ali is killed in 661. This brings and end to the four "righteous caliphs".
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The Muslim army wanted to conquer lots of lands. In 711 they went into Spain, crossing the strait of Gibraltar and pushed into France.
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In 732 in Tours, France, the Muslim Army was defeated.
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750 is when the Abbasids take rule from the Umayyads, and this switches the power to Baghdad.
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In the year 1000, Muslim Turks and Afghans pushed into India.
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In 1905, Pope Urban II was led to call for the First Crusade, after reports of Seljuk interference with Christians traveling to Jerusalem.
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In 1099, Christian Crusaders captured Jerusalem.
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This was when the sultan of Ghur defeated Hindu armies across the Northerrn Plain.
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in 1120, Malaysian traders talk to Muslims who teach them about Islam. Islam starts to spread to Malaysia and throughout Asia.
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This was the start of the Delhi Sultanate, which lasted frim 1206-1526.
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in 1299 in Anatolia, Turkey the first Ottoman State is formed.
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The Ottoman's expanded in the 1300's alot. They were across Asia Minor and into southeastern Europe.
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In 1398, Tamerlane invaded India. Loads of artisans were enslaved to build Tamerlane'scapital.
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in 1453, after many failed attempts, Muhammad II finally captured Constantinople.
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1453 was a big year because The Ottomans conquered Constantinople of the Byzantine EMpire, and change it to Istanbul.
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In the early 1500's, The Safavide Empire had a strong empire in Persia, but was always in frequent war about religion.
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Sultan Suleiman ruled from 1520-1566, and the ottoman empire had their Golden Age under his rule.
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Turkish and Mongol Invaders invaded India. Babaur led them. He was a poet, military genius and an author.
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in 1529, Suleiman was able to get the city of Vienna, making the rest of Western Europe scared.
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Akbar the Great reigned from 1556-1605. During this time, he led the Muslims to their Golden Age.
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From 1588-1629 Abbas the Grat was king. Under his rule, he centralized the government and created a stron military force.
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The Ottoman Empire was behind in many things such as commerce and military technology, while other empires were pushing ahead.
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The Safavid Empire was slowly losing its glory after Sha Abbah died. Sunnis Afghan's rebelled and forced the last ruler to resign in 1722.
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Muslims enter North Arabia and conquer Jerusalem. This helps the Islamic Religion to spread.
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From 786 to 809 C.E, Caliph Harun ar-Rashid ruled in the Islamic Empire. This was the Golden Age of Islam, and he is one of their most celebrated leaders.
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In 850, the Abassid control over the Arab empire was breaking. In other places like Spain and Egypt, independednt dynasties had control of seperate Muslim states.
