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born in mecca saudi arabia
to his father abd Allah bin al-muttalib and his mother bint wahb
his father died before he was born and he was raised by his mother -
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he did not like the traditional idolatry in mecca. so he began taking long retreats to the mountains were he fasted and meditated
he was viseted by by an overpowering presence and instructed to recite words of such beauty and force that he and others gradually brought them to God. -
Muhammad and his few hundred followers left Mecca and traveled to Yathrib, the oasis town where his father was buried. The leaders there were suffering through a vicious civil war, and they had invited this man well known for his wisdom to act as their mediator. Yathrib soon became known as Medina, the City of the Prophet. Muhammad remained here for the next six years, building the first Muslim community and gradually gathering more and more people to his side
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By now, the balance of power had shifted radically away from once-powerful Mecca, toward Muhammad and the Muslims. In January, 630, they marched on Mecca and were joined by many tribes along the way. They entered Mecca without bloodshed and the Meccans joined them.
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Muhammad returned to live in Medina. In the next three years, he consolidated most of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. In March, 633, he returned to Mecca one last time to perform a pilgrimage, and tens of thousands of Muslims joined him.
After the pilgrimage, he returned to Medina. Three months later on June 8, 632 he died there, after a brief illness. He is buried in the mosque in Medina. -
Muslims enter Egypt and rout out the Byzantine army. Muslims consider their conquest as the liberation of subjugated people, since in most instances they were under oppressive rule.
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arab armies carried islam to north africa. An couqered many places.
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this brought an end the rule of the four "righteous caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule.
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Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula ibecomes under Islamic control.
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Musslims are defeted. they are defeted by Potiers in France by Charles Martel
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Abbasids captures Damascus which ends Umayyad rule.
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European Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims. Eventually Muslims defeat the Crusaders and regain control of the holy land.
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Reconquista takes somw of Spain, Sicily falls into Norman control,Crusaders are formed in Palestine, and Syria
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Ghana dominates trade routesAlmoraud's conquer Kumbi -
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Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them about Islam.
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this was when Ghana was weakened from under Muslim control.
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The Delhi sultanate lasted until 1526 wich marked the start of Muslim rule in northern India.
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The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey.
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To help win a major battle, Osman leads his troops and displaces the Seljuk Turks. He becomes the leader of the new Ottoman dynasty.
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amerlane broke into Delhi. Thousands of artisans were enslaved to build his capital at Samarkland. Delhi slowly recovered but the sultans no longer controlled the empire.
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Ottomans conquer Constantinople and change its name to Istanbul.
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Mehmed II attacks constantinople. He uses siege guns and bombards the walls for eight weeks. Heavy fighting continues, but the Byzantine capital is defeated when Emperor Constantine XI dies in battle
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The dynasty unites a strong empire in present day IRan. They were between 2 strong empire and were in war constanltly.
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Ottomans attack the safvid empire and war begins in the Battle of Chaldiran west of Tabriz.
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one of the most powerful leaders of the empire is Suleyman I, known as Suleyman the Magnificent. He conquers parts of western Asia and southeast Europe in his desire to convert people to Islam. The Ottoman Empire reaches its peak under his rule.
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Babur leads the charge and defeats the sultan Ibrahim. He then conquers India.
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The invaders came through the mountain passes in India. Babur rode at the head. He was a military genius, poet and an author.
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Even though Suleiman failes to capture Vienna the rest of Western Europe is frightened.
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Ottomans and Safavid declared peace
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Akbar ruled from 1556 to 1605 and he created a strong central government. Eventually, he earned the title Abkar the Great. He was a Muslim.
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after Suleyman I's death, his son Selim II rules. He is not as good as his father. He never goes to fight battles and his government is unstable. During his reign the Turkish fleet is smashed at the Battle of Lepanto in Greece.
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the beging of the reign of saha abbas begins when he is 16 years old.
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The safvid is invaded and taken over by afghans. the safvid empire collapsed.
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Muslims enter the area north of Arabia, known as "Sham," including Syria , Palestine , Lebanon and Iraq .
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Perfectus, a Christian priest in Muslim Cordova, is executed after he refuses to retract numerous insults he made about the Prophet Muhammed.
