-
Birth of Muhammad, he was born in mecca. He comes from a well known family for his great personality.
-
-
At the age of 40 Muhamad was visted by the angel Gabriel in Mecca. The angel tells him that he is gods prophet. Later he is told to call his people to worship one god. But they react in a negative way and try to persacute him and his followers
-
Muhammad and his followers travel to Medina. This marks the hijrah and begining of the islamic calendar. Muhammad established laws in the Quran.
-
Muhammad returns to Mecca with large number of followers. All the citizens accept Islam. The Prophet clears images out of the Kaaba so people can be dedicated to one god.
-
Muhammad dies after a terrible illness. The Muslim community chooses his father-in-law and close friend, Abu Bakr, as caliph, or successor.
-
Muslims enter Egypt and rout the Byzantine Army. They consider it as the liberation of people. (Byzantine Army Armor)
-
Islam begins to spread throughout North Africa.
-
Imam Ali is killed. The death of Ali brought an end to the four caliphs known as Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule. (Picture of Imam Ali)
-
Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control. (Topographic map of the Iberian Peninsula)
-
Muslims are defeated at Potiers in France by Charles Martel (Defeat of Muslims)
-
The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, which put the power in the hands of Baghdad. (Abbasids taking over)
-
Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including Nigeria, which acted as a trading spot between north and central regions of Africa
-
European Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims. Eventually Muslims defeat the Crusaders and regain control of the holy land.
(The First Crusade) -
Islamic rule is weakened because of power struggles among Islamic leaders and the Christian crusades.
-
Islam continues to spread throughout Asia. Malaysian traders get in touch with Muslims who teach them about Islam. (Spread of Islam in Asia)
-
Genghis Khan was proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and then under the rule of his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction
-
The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey. (Anatolia, Turkey)
-
Ottomans continued the successful expansion of their empire throughout the 16th century, most importantly with their capture of Constantinople from the Byzantines in 1453.
-
Timur's army of 90,000 crossed the Indus River in September, 1398 and set upon India. The country had fallen to pieces after the death of Shah.
-
Ottomans conquer the Byzantine part of Constantinople and change its name to Istanbul.
-
It was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia (modern Iran), and is often considered the beginning of modern Persian history (Emblem)
-
Babur's victory at Panipat in 1526 established the Mughal Empire and ended the reign of the Delhi Sultanate.
-
The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. It really proved how powerful the Ottoman Empire was.
-
Sulaiman was called the Magnificent by the Europeans and the Lawgiver by his own people. His empire reached from Hungary to Egypt, Algeria to Mesopotamia.
-
The greatest of the Safavid monarchs, Shah Abbas I (1587–1629) came to power in 1587 aged 16. First he sued for peace in 1590 with the Ottomans giving away territory in the north-west.
-
The Treaty of Constantinople or Istanbul was signed on 13 July 1700 between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire. (Picture of Tsar Peter the Great)
-
In 1722, an Afghan army led by Mir Wais' son Mahmud advanced on the empire and defeated the government forces at the Battle of Gulnabad. He then surounded the capital of Isfahan, until Shah Sultan Husayn responsibly acknowledged him as the new king of Persia.
-
The Sepoy Rebellion breaks out in India at the battle of Cawnpore, Indian cavalry charges a British line
-
The Reign of Akbar- Akbar was a noble commander who built the largest army ever in the history of the Mughal empire.
-
Muslims enter Arabia, Syria, Palestine, and Iraq (Picture of Arabia)
-
Al-Rashid ruled from 786 to 809, and his time was marked by scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. City of Baghdad became a center of knowledge, culture and trade
-
Perfectus, a Christian priest in Muslim Cordova, is executed after he refuses to admit he insulted the Prophet Muhammed. (Execution of Perfectus)
