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Born as Muhammad Ibn 'Abd Allah, our famous prophet was born in Mecca of what is now present day Saudi Arabia
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According to Islam, this was the event in which the archangel Gabriel visited Muhammad in a cave in Mt. Hira. Gabriel revealed a verse from the Qur'an to him there.
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With Islam growing, the Umayyad tribes began opposing Muhammad's preaching. Muhammad and many of his followers migrated in 622 to escape extreme persecution.
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Muhammad died of a simple high fever or illness. He died suddenly, but he was not murdered or poisoned, nor did he ascend to the clouds on a flying horse.
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The Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs was the time of the first four caliphs after the death of the prophet Muhammad. These calpihs were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali. This era is also known as Rashidun. The term "Rightly Guided" was coined from the later Abbasid Caliphate.
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The Persian was ruled by an autocratic emperorwho was manipulated by aristocrats. The emperor's religion, Zoroastrinanism, was being ignored by the commoners. He delayed too long to realize the threat from the Muslims; eventually the Persians fled east and were killed.
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Compiled after the death of Muhammad. Contains his sayings and teachings.
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Sunnis- followers of the Umayyads. Shi'as- followers of Ali. The Shi'as believed Ali was rightful successor of Muhammad, Sunnis did not. This fued between the two groups caused a war, which contained several assassinations.
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First Muslim dynasty to rule Caliphate. From 627 and forth Islam turned into their main religion. (Thanks Muhammad!!)
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In 711 Spain was invaded and conqured by Muslims. (Finished being conqured in 718) The three main religions were then Islamic, Christianity, and Judaism.
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Named after the uncle of Muḥammad (al-ʿAbbās). Umayyads traveled towards the west, yet people of Abbasid traveled to the east. Traveling to the east lead to changing Baghdad to the new capital.
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First Muslim dynasty to rule Caliphate. From 627 and forth Islam turned into their main religion. (Thanks Muhammad!!)
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Abbasids had taken over the majority of the Middle Eastern space by 756. Making the new capital of this area Baghdad. Baghdad benefited from trade, thus their economy blossmed more.
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The Crusaders took Jerusalem betwen June 7th and July 15th, during the first Crusade. The crusaders seemed to have suffered worse than the people of Jerusalem, since the people inside were prepared for a siege, and the crusaders were lacking food and water. Of the 5,000 soldiers who started the siege, only 1,500 remained when it was all said and done.
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The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom that lasted for about 320 years in India. 5 dysnasties came and went during this time: the Mamluk, the Khilji, the Tughlaq, the Sayyid, and the Afghan Lodi dynasty. This powerful sultanate was the destruction of many South Asian temples, but it did bring about the emergence of Indo-Islamic agriculture. It was later replaced by the Maghal Empire.
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At the time, Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The geniuses of that Caliph failed to prepare for an invasion, but were overconfident enough to assume that they would be fine! Well, they weren't and they were sacked. That's the end of the Abbasids.
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The Abbasid Caliphate finally ended when the Mongols under Hulagu Khan sacked Baghdad. Though the era of the Abbasid ended, Islam stayed strong, and recentered themselves in Cairo by 1261, just 3 years later.
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Mansa Musa made the hajj bringing with him thousands of people and plenty of gold. He had so much gold he even lowered the value of it in Cairo at one point. Mansa Musa came in contact with several of the Middle Esatern and European leaders which brought attention to Mali. Mansa Musa brought back home scholars and architects to help educate Mali and create beautiful mosques. He lives on in his legends.
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When the Ottoman Empire conquered Constatinople, they conquerd the capital of the legendary Byzantine Empire. Commanded by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, the Ottoman army defeated the Byzantine army commanded by Byzantine Emporer Constatine XI Palaiologos after a 53 day long seige around the capital.
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It started in the 11th century, when Granada was reconquered by the Christians. For the next few centuries they gained power and eventually reconquered the rest of Spain, and any Muslims who dared to remain were forced to convert to Christianity.
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The Mughal Empire was established when the last ruler of the 5th dynsasty of the Delhi Sultanate wsa beaten by Babur. The Maghal emperors were from Central Asia and claimed to be desscendants of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, himself. The Mughal Empire began with Akbar the Great and eventually ended in 1858 due to the British Crown.
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Traditionally, people view Sufism as the mystical version of Islam. Sufism is not necessarily a branch of Islam, but most Sufis today do not consider it possible to be Sufi and not Muslim.
