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Formation of the Bible Student Movement
Charles Taze Russell and a small group begin studying the Bible independently in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
In 1879, Russell begins publishing Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence. -
Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society
Russell formally establishes the Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society to distribute religious literature. -
Headquarters Moved to Brooklyn, New York
The movement grows, and Russell moves the headquarters from Pittsburgh to Brooklyn, New York. -
Death of Charles Taze Russell
Joseph Franklin Rutherford becomes the new leader. -
Adoption of the Name “Jehovah’s Witnesses”
Rutherford introduces the name Jehovah’s Witnesses to distinguish the group from other Bible Students -
Shift in Doctrines
The idea of the Great Crowd (non-anointed Christians who will live on Earth) is introduced, changing the belief that all members would go to heaven -
Nathan H. Knorr Becomes Leader
Under Knorr’s leadership, the group expands globally and organizes formal missionary work. -
New World Translation of the Bible
Jehovah’s Witnesses begin translating their own version of the Bible, the New World Translation. -
Controversy Over End-Times Prediction
Many members believe Armageddon will occur in 1975, leading to disappointment when it does not happen. -
Changes in End-Times Teachings
The doctrine regarding the "generation" that would see Armageddon is modified, signaling a shift in interpretation. -
Digital Expansion and Legal Challenges
The Watch Tower Society increases its digital presence with websites like JW.org.
Various countries restrict or ban Jehovah’s Witnesses due to their refusal to participate in military service and government loyalty oaths. -
Leadership and Structural Changes
Governing Body members assume a more centralized role in directing doctrine and policy. -
Modern Developments
Jehovah’s Witnesses adapt to online meetings due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Continued legal and social challenges, particularly in Russia, where they are labeled as extremists. Jehovah’s Witnesses continue to grow, with millions of members worldwide actively engaging in their distinct preaching work and religious practices.