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Peter the Hermit was born c. 1050
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Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade in November, 1095 to the town of Clermont, central France.
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1096 a more organized force (the first crusaders) four different armies led by the princes of Europe, each set out for Constantinople.
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In 1096 Peter the Hermit collected 20000 peasants and led them on the people's crusade looking for a place in heaven. THese peasants were undisciplined and unexperienced with fighted and as they travelled through Europe fights broke out and the peasants start looting.
When the pilgrims reached Constantinople, Emperor Alexius became very overwhelmed by their numbers and behaviour so he moved away to Turkey. When the pilgrims reached Turkey many were slaughtered by the well trained Turkish soldier -
In 1097, June, the Crusaders were accompanied by the Greek Orthodox forces and took the city of Nicaea.
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June, 1097, the Crusaders took control of what they believed was a piece of the Holy Lance, Antioch. After a while the Crusaders decided to march out of the city to the Islamic armies led by the Turks, the Arabic princes di not feel like dying so the Turkish armies slowy melted away. The Crusaders then moved onto Jerusalem.
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1099, July, the Crusaders slaughtered the Muslim and Jewish defenders of Jerusalem and the number of Crusader States were established.
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During the 12th century the Crusade States lost ground to the Ayyubid sultan Saladin
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In 1144 the Crusader State of Edessa fell to the ruler Zengi, Pope Eugenis III prompted it as a call for the Second Crusade.
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1147 - After the crusaders attacked Jerusalem they controlled a narrow coastal strip of land in the heart of the Islamic Empire and divided the land amongst themselves. Though most of northern states were lost. Some crusaders contined to fight and split into two orders. 1100 - the knights of St John the Hospitaller and 1123 - the knights of Templar.
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THe expedition to the Holy Land was disastrous, they were repeatedly attacked by the Seljuk Turks as they crossed Asia Minor. A group of Anglo-Norman, Flemish and Rhineland Crusaders entered Damascus in 1147, however they were forced to retreat four days later.
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In June 1187 the Ayyubid sultan Saladin had a terrible defeat at Hattin. This led to the fall of nearly all of the Crusader States.
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Pope Gregory VII was called for the Third Crusade to win back Jerusalem in 1190.
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Philip Augustus of France and Richard I of England took their armies by sea from the south coast of France to the city of Acre in the Holy Land in 1191.
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1192 - Richards efforts to reclaim Jerusalem failed and the Holy City remained under Muslim control. So Richard agreed on a truce with Saladin.
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!200 - Muslims controlled thr land route across Turkey. THe Crusaders spent three days rampaging in Constantinople.
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The Mongol invaders and the rise of the Mamluks as an appearance meant that the crusaders' grip on the Holy Land had weakened during the 13th century.
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1204 Warriors of the Fourth Crusade reached the walls of Constantinople, the city was attacked and the Byzantine Christians were slaughtered and a new Latine Empire was established
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Having captured the city of Damietta, the crusaders; advance was stopped after failing to retrieve land from Cairo in 1221, they eventually retreated having manage to secure no land.
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Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, was excommunicated for not partiicpatting in the Fifth Crusade, had managed to negotiate the return of Jerusalem to Christian hands in 1228.
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1244 Jerusalem returned to Muslim hands, Louis IX of France led the Seventh Crusade to Egypt as a response.
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Louis IX's forces were defeated by the Ayyubids at the Battle of Mansourah in 1250.
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The ending of the Christians hold on the Holy Land was in 1291 when the Sultan al-Ashref destroyed the city of Acre.
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In 1312, one of the era's great instiutions were brought down with the supression of the Order of the Knights Templar.
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