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In the year 1095, an assembly if churchmen were called up by Pop Urban II and had met at Clemont, France. On the 27th of November, Pope Urban II had asked the assembly for a favour and had asked the warriors of Europe to fight for the Holy Land (Jerusalem), against the Muslims.
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"The People's Crusade" - Christians wanted to free the Holy Land from pagan wars. The 1st Crusade was led by Court Raymond IV of Toulhouse. It was proclaimed due to wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit.
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The first crusade was a "military expedition" by the Romam Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Lands (Jerusalem) taken by the Muslim conquests. This had resulted in the "re-capture" of Jerusalem. :) Many people travelled to Constantinople and then on towards Jerusalem. They had then been split up between Peasants and Knights then into separate armies. They had failed to reach Jerusalem as the Peasants weren't well trained.
- This crusade was part of the Christian response to the Muslim conquests. -
Saladin was the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria and was the founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty. He has led Muslims and Arab oppositions to the Franks and other Europeans in the Levant. Due to his focus and leadership skills, his forces had defeated the Crusaders. He had captured almost every Crusader city. Crossed Jordan River to attack Beisan and burnt the town.
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The Crusaders (Holy Knights) were prepared to attack Damascus. It was led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France.
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- Second major Crusade launched from Europe.
- Was a response to the fall of the Country of Edessa.
- Failure to recreate country of Eddessa.
- Peace treaty between Byzantine Empire and Seljuq Turks.
- Beginner of Crusader advances into Egypt.
- Collapse of Almoravids and rise of the Almohads.
Lisbon was captured by the Portuguese people and Tortosa was captured by the Catalans, Wagria and Polabia captured by Saxon. -
The "Third Crusade" was led by Richard the Lionheart of England. Phillip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick. Richard I had amde a trice with Saladinn.
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Location: East of Anatolia, Levant, Irael.
Consequences:
- Jerasulem was conquered my the Muslims.
- Italians consolidate control of Syrian ports.
- Muslims had allowed trade and unarmed Christian pilgrimiges into the Holy Land. -
The "Fourth Crusade" was led by Fulk Of Neuil (French/France), who had advanced on Constantinople.
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Fourth Crusade (Wikipedia) The fourth crusade was meant to conquer the Jerusalem that was being controlled by the Muslims. Many people travelled far to get to Constantinople but many people had died on the way to Jerusalem as they were spilt into Peasants and Knights. They had failed to reach Jerusalem as the Peasants didn't have as much skill as the Knights and died.
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The fourth crusade was originally meant to conquer the Muslim-controlled Jerusalem (Jerusalem was controlled by the Muslims). The crusaders of western Europe had invaded and conquered the Christian city of Constantinople. This crusade was seen as one of the "final acts" in the Great Schism between Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.
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The Children's Crusade was led by a French peasant boy, "Stephen Of Cloyes".
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- Attempt to get Jerusalem back and the rest of the Holy Land.
- Pope Innocent III and Pope Honorius III had organised crusading armies led by the king. (Andrew II of Hungary). The Muslims destroyed the walls so that Christians were not able to defend themselves.
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The "Fifth Crusade" was led by King Andrew II who was from Hungary, Duke Leopold VI from Austria and John of Brienne.
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Birth of Baldwin II who was the last Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
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The Sixth Crusade was led by the Holy Roman Emperor, "Frederick II".
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Regain Jerusalem.. Again.
Had begun 7 years after the failure of the 5th crusade lol.
- Little fighting (Yay).
- Kingdom of Jerusalem > Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.
^ control of jerusalem and 15 other places. -
The Seventh Crusade was led by Louis IX of France.
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The Eighth Crusade was led by Louis IX
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The Ninth Crusade was led by Prince Edward, who soon later became "Edward I Of England"
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The Fourth Lateran Council accepts the Constitution Ad Liberandum in order to help fund the 5th Crusade.
