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Family: Wood wind
Origin: South america
Year: 10000 BC
(Source)[https://ocarinas.fandom.com/wiki/History#:~:text=Ocarinas%20first%20originated%20in%20South,like%20birds%20or%20other%20animals.] -
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Style: Sacred music
DOB: 1098
DOD: 1179
Born in Germany.
Influence: "Hildegard also influenced several monastic women, exchanging letters with Elisabeth of Schönau, a nearby visionary."
Notable Works: Scivias, Ordo Virtutum, Antiphon and O quam mirabilis est.
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"Ars Antiqua, (Medieval Latin: “Ancient Art”), in music history, period of musical activity in 13th-century France, characterized by increasingly sophisticated counterpoint"
Composers: Pérotin, Léonin, and Petrus de Cruce
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Style: Early Trecento
DOB: 1237
DOD: 1288
Born in France
Influence: influenced Guillaume de Machaut's work
Notable Work: Se li maus c'amours envoie
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"Ars Nova, (Medieval Latin: “New Art”), in music history, period of the tremendous flowering of music in the 14th century, particularly in France."
Composers: Philippe de Vitry and the composer and poet Guillaume de Machaut
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Style: Ars Nova
DOB: 1300
DOD: 1377
Born in france.
Influence: "Machaut's poetry had a direct effect on the works of Eustache Deschamps, Jean Froissart, Christine de Pizan, René d'Anjou and Geoffrey Chaucer, among many others."
Notable Work: Messe de Nostre Dame
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Style: Ars Nova
DOB: 1320
DOD: 1360
Born in Italy
Influence: "He was one of the first composers of the period sometimes known as the Italian."
Notable work:
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"a musical style characterized by rhythmic and notational complexity, centered on Paris, Avignon in southern France, and also in northern Spain at the end of the fourteenth century."
Composers: Trebor, Martinus Fabri ,Paolo da Firenze, Guido de Lange, Johannes Symonis Hasprois, Matheus de Sancto Johanne -
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Composer: Guillaume de Machaut -
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Composer: Baude Cordier -
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"By the late Renaissance (c. 1580), lieder were composed deliberately in an Italian style: textures often chordal, phrases of regular length and well-articulated, melodies in the top part with the words carefully declaimed."
Composers: Heinrich Finck, Paul Hofhaimer, and Ludwig Senfl
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"the 15th century Spanish villancico was a type of popular song sung in the vernacular and frequently associated with rustic themes. The poetic form of the Spanish villancico was that of an estribillo (or refrain) and coplas (stanzas), with or without an introduction."
Composers: Juan del Encina, Pedro de Escobar, and Francisco Guerrero,
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"The frottola was the predominant type of Italian popular secular song of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. It was the most important and widespread predecessor to the madrigal"
Composers: Francesco d'Ana, Giovanni Brocco, Antonio Caprioli, Marchetto Cara, and Giacomo Fogliano
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Style: polyphony
DOB: 1440
DOD: 1521
Born in: France
Influence: He had a major influence on 16th century European music
Notable Work: Mille regretz
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Style: English choral music
DOB: 1505
DOD: 1585
Born in England
Influence: His treatment of the Anglican Liturgy influenced centuries of composers in England
Notable Work: Lamentations of Jeremiah
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Style: Secular Music
DOB: 1525
DOD: 1594
Born in Italy
Influence: "Primarily known for his masses and motets, which number over 105 and 250 respectively, Palestrina had a long-lasting influence on the development of church and secular music in Europe, especially on the development of counterpoint."
Notable Work: Missa Papae Marcelli
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Style: Franco-Netherlandish
DOB: 1532
DOD: 1594
Born in Belgium
Influence: "a pioneer in the internationalization of musical style toward the end of the 16th century"
Notable Work: Matona mia cara
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"Opera is a form of Western theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers."
Composers: George Frideric Handel, Christoph Willibald Gluck
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"A cantata is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir."
Composer's: Johann Sebastian Bach, Giacomo Carissimi, Emanuele d'Astorga
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"An oratorio is a musical composition with dramatic or narrative text for choir, soloists and orchestra or other ensemble."
George Frideric Handel, Giacomo Carissimi, Jan Dismas Zelenka
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Style: Opera
DOB: 1567
DOD: 1643
Born in Italy
Influence: "He is now established both as a significant influence in European musical history and as a composer whose works are regularly performed and recorded."
Notable Work: La favola d'Orfeo
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Style: The cantatas
DOB: 1619
DOD: 1677
Born in Italy
Influence: Carissimi, Rossi and Cesti
Notable Work: Lagrime mie, Sacri musicali affetti, libro I, Op.5
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Style: The Cantata
DOB: 1685
DOD: 1750
Born in German
Influence: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven
Notable Work: Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565
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Style: The Oratorio
DOB: 1685
DOD: 1759
Born in Germany
Influence: Mozart and Beethoven
Notable Work: Messiah, Theodora and Jephtha
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"A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra."
Composers: Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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"Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room."
Composers: Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert -
"an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other ensemble."
Composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven
"Concerto, since about 1750, a musical composition in which a solo instrument is set off against an orchestral ensemble."
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Style: Classical
DOB: 1732
DOD: 1809
Born in Austria
Influence: Helped establish the Symphony
Notable Work: The Creation, Trumpet Concerto
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Style: All
DOB: 1756
DOD: 1791
Born in Austria.
Influence: Pupils include Beethoven and Hummel, with Hummel being a transitional figure from the Classical period to the Romantic period. Mozart did not do much innovation or experimentation, instead he developed mastery over preexisting forms.
Notable Work: Don Giovanni, Missa brevis in G, Missa solemnis in C minor
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Style: Classical to romantic
DOB: 1770
DOD: 1827
Born in Germany
Influence: Created Romantic style
Notable Work: Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 9, Piano Sonata No. 14, Symphony No. 6, Piano Sonata No. 8, Für Elise
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Style: All
DOB: 1797
DOD: 1828
Born in Austria
Influence: Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, and Hugo Wolf
Notable Work: Erlkönig, Ave Maria, Ständchen, D 889, Winterreise
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Style: nocturne, etc.
DOB: 1810
DOD: 1849
Born in Poland
Influence: He was influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.
Notable Work: mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises
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Frédéric Chopin
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"A rhapsody in music is a one-movement work that is episodic yet integrated, free-flowing in structure, featuring a range of highly contrasted moods, colour, and tonality."
Composers: Emmanuel Chabrier
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"A nocturne is a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night."
Composers: Frédéric Chopin, Gabriel Fauré, Vasily Kalinnikov
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"The polonaise is a dance originating in Poland, and one of the five Polish national dances in 4 time."
Composers: Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven
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Style: overture, symphony, and opera
DOB: 1803
DOD: 1869
Born in France
Influence: He introduced the aesthetics of expressiveness in music
Notable Work: Romeo and Juliet, L'Enfance du Christ, Damnation of Faust, and Requiem
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Style: Pianist
DOB: 1819
DOD: 1896
Born in Germany
Influence: she exerted her influence over the course of a 61-year
Notable Work: Piano Trio, Three Romances for Violin and Piano, Fuga a 4 voci, 4 Pièces caractéristiques
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Style: Opera
DOB: 1813
DOD: 1883
Born in Germany
Influence: "his influence spread beyond composition into conducting, philosophy, literature, the visual arts and theatre."
Notable Work: Symphony in C major,
Symphony in E major, Symphonies
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[Link](Sergei Rachmaninoff)
Composer: Sergei Rachmaninoff
Style: Symphony -