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801 BCE
Canto Gregoriano
Este estilo se consolidó entre los siglos VI y IX, especialmente bajo el Papa Gregorio I aunque sus orígenes pueden rastrearse hasta antes de esa época -
1 CE
Epitafio de Seikilos
Composiciones musicales más antiguas que se conservan. Se cree que data aproximadamente del Siglo I d.C -
476
Antigüedad y Edad media
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Period: 991 to 1033
Guido d´Arezzo
Monje y teórico musical italiano del Siglo XI
Su obra más importante es la sistematización del solfeo y la notación musical -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Monja, mística y compositora alemana del Siglo XII -
Period: 1130 to 1190
Bernart de Ventadorn
Poeta y Trovador francés del Siglo XII -
Period: 1150 to 1200
Léonin
Miembro de la escuela de Notre Dame, período activo en el Siglo XII -
Period: 1170 to 1230
Perotín
Compositor destacado de la escuela de Notre Dame, Siglo XII -
Period: 1221 to 1284
Alfonso X el Sabio
Rey de Castilla y León, vivió en el Siglo XIII -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Gillaume de Machaut
Compositor y poeta francés del Siglo XIV -
Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
Compositor italiano de la EDAD MEDIA TARDÍA conocido en el Siglo XIV -
1340
Ars Antiqua
Término que abarca la música occidental de los Siglos XII y XIII -
1400
Renacimiento
Durante este tiempo se produjeron importantes transformaciones en la música, tanto en su estructura como en su interpretación, reflejando los cambios en el pensamiento y artes de la época -
Period: 1400 to 1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Famoso por inventar la imprenta de tipos móviles en Europa, lo que revolucionó la difusión del conocimiento -
Period: 1483 to 1546
Martín Lutero
Teólogo y líder de la Reforma Protestante, también un compositor y escritor de himnos -
Period: 1500 to 1553
Cristóbal de Morales
Compositor español renacentista, conocido por su música polifónica y sus obras litúrgicas -
Period: 1510 to
Andrea Gabrieli
Compositor italiano del renacimiento, construido por su música vocal y instrumental -
Period: 1525 to
Antonio de Cabezón
Compositor y organista español, uno de los más importantes de la época del renacimiento -
Period: 1525 to
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Uno de los compositores más destacados del renacimiento italiano y es conocido por su música sacra -
Period: 1532 to
Orlando di Lasso
Compositor franco-flamenco, uno de los más importantes, conocido por su música polifónica -
Period: 1544 to
Maddalena Casulana
Compositora y cantante italiana, considerada la primera mujer en publicar música con su propio nombre en la historia de la Música clásica -
Period: 1544 to 1529
Juan del Encina
Compositor y poeta español, uno de los primeros en escribir música en la corte de los Reyes Católicos -
Period: 1548 to
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Compositor y sacerdote español, uno de los mayores exponentes de la música sacra del renacimiento -
Period: 1554 to
Giovanni Gabrieli
Compositor y organista italiano, conocido por su trabajo en la música sacra y el desarrollo del estilo veneciano -
Period: 1566 to
Carlo Gesualdo
Compositor y príncipe italiano conocido por su estilo de madrigales emocionalmente intensos y su vida controversial -
Period: 1567 to
Claudio Monterverdi
Compositor italiano, uno de los grandes precursores de la ópera y un innovador de la música del Renacimiento y el Barroco -
Barroco
Período cultural y artístico que se desarrolló aproximadamente entre el 1600 y el 1750 -
Period: to
Barbara Strozzi
Compositora y cantante italiana, una de las figuras más destacadas de la música vocal barroca, conocida por sus cantatas y arias -
Period: to
Antonio Stradivari (Stradivarius)
Famoso luther italiano, conocido por sus violines, violas y cellos, cuyas obras son consideradas las mejores de su tipo -
Period: to
Henry Purcell
Compositor inglés, uno de los más grandes del barroco temprano, conocido por su música vocal y operística, incluyendo Dido y Eneas -
Period: to
Antonio Vivaldi
Compositor italiano del Barroco, conocido principalmente por sus conciertos especialmente "Las cuatro estaciones" -
Period: to
George Philipp Telemann
Compositor Alemán del Barroco, conocido por su vasta producción de obras en casi todos los géneros musicales de su tiempo -
Period: to
Georg Friedrich Händel
Compositor Alemán-Británico, famoso por sus oratorios y su música para la corte inglesa -
Period: to
Johann Sebastian Bach
Compositor Alemán, uno de los más grandes de la historia de la música, destacado por su música religiosa, conciertos y obras para órgano y clavecín -
Period: to
Gluck
prominent 18th-century opera composer, known for his role in the transition from the baroque style to classicism
His best-known works include "Orfeo ed Euridice" and "Alceste." His innovative approach influenced many later composers, and his legacy remains relevant in the world of classical music. -
Period: to
J. Haydn
Was an Austrian composer, one of the most influential classical music composers of the 18th century and known as the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet." His music marked the transition from the baroque style to classicism, and his works laid the foundation for many later composers, including Beethoven and Mozart, with whom he had a close relationship. -
Period: to
Nannerl Mozart
Nannerl was a great piano player, and when she was young, her musical talent was also recognized by her father, Leopold Mozart, who took her and Wolfgang on tours of Europe, where both child prodigies gave concerts. -
Period: to
W.A Mozart
Austrian composer and pianist, considered one of the greatest geniuses of music
Throughout his life, Mozart wrote more than 600 works, including symphonies, operas, concertos and chamber music. His music is characterized by its beautiful melody, its harmonic complexity and its ability to express a wide range of emotions. -
Period: to
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
She was an Austrian composer and pianist, famous not only for her musical talent, but also for being a leading figure at the imperial court in Vienna. She was born blind, which did not stop her from becoming a talented artist. Despite his visual impairment, he developed great skill in music, especially the piano, and his work was well appreciated in his time. -
Period: to
Beethoven
German composer and pianist, considered one of the greatest and most transcendental musicians in the history of classical music. His work marked a transition point between the classicism of composers such as Mozart and Haydn and the romanticism that would follow, deeply influencing later generations of composers. -
Period: to
Rossini
Italian composer, known primarily for his operas. He is one of the greatest exponents of buffalo (comic) opera and bel canto. Some of his most famous works include The Barber of Seville, La cenerentola, and Guillaume Tell. Rossini revolutionized opera with his talent for melody and his ability to create fast, dramatic scenes. Although he retired from composition at an early age, his legacy remains fundamental in operatic music -
Period: to
Schubert
Austrian composer considered one of the greatest musical geniuses in history, despite his short life, since he died at the age of 31. He is known for his prolific production in various musical genres, especially vocal music (lyrics and songs, or lieder) and chamber music.
Schubert was born in Vienna and began studying music from a very young age, quickly standing out as a composer and pianist. -
Period: to
Hector Berlioz
Berlioz was a French composer whose works broke classical conventions with bold and emotional approaches. He is particularly known for his Symphonie Fantastique, an early example of what would later be known as "program music." His music often features innovative orchestration, creating new colors and effects. Berlioz was also a distinguished writer and music theorist, with his Treatise on Instrumentation being a classic in orchestration studies. -
Period: to
Schumann
German composer and pianist, one of the most important of Romanticism. He is known for both his piano works and his compositions for orchestra, chamber music and songs. Schumann had a life marked by a passion for music, but also by personal and health difficulties, which affected both his career and his family life.
He was born in Zwickau, Germany, and from a young age showed great musical talent. -
Period: to
Felix Mendelssohn
Mendelssohn was a German composer and conductor whose music is characterized by elegance and formal perfection. His career was highly successful, and he became one of the most influential figures in early Romanticism. Some of his best-known works include The Wedding March from A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Symphony No. 4 "Italian", and the famous Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream. Mendelssohn also promoted ancient music, particularly the works of Bach. -
Period: to
Wagner
German composer, conductor, and theater director, known for his operas that combined music, drama, and visual elements into a new, groundbreaking form. He revolutionized the operatic genre with his use of leitmotifs (musical themes associated with characters or ideas) and complex orchestration. His most famous works include The Ring Cycle, Tristan und Isolde, and The Flying Dutchman. -
Period: to
Listz
Liszt was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and conductor, considered one of the most prominent figures of the Romantic era. As a pianist, he was a legendary virtuoso who revolutionized piano technique with his innovative compositions and arrangements. Some of his most important works include Hungarian Rhapsodies, Études d'exécution transcendante, and Consolations. He was also a pioneer of the symphonic poem form, with works like Les Préludes. -
Period: to
Chopin
Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. He is best known for his piano music, including nocturnes, études, mazurkas, polonaises, and preludes. Chopin’s music is celebrated for its expressive depth, lyrical beauty, and technical brilliance. He revolutionized piano performance, focusing on the instrument’s nuances and tonal possibilities. -
Period: to
Verdi
Italian composer, one of the greatest in opera. He is known for his dramatic and emotional works that explore themes of love, power, and struggle. Some of his most famous operas include La Traviata, Aida, Rigoletto, and Macbeth. Verdi revolutionized Italian opera by adapting music to dramatic storytelling and developing deep characters. His music remains central to the global operatic repertoire. -
Period: to
Clara Schumann
Clara Schumann was a German pianist and composer of great renown. Although best known as a performer, her compositions include works that showcase her deep creativity and technique. She composed numerous lieder, piano pieces, and chamber music works. She was one of the great virtuoso pianists of her time and, as the wife of composer Robert Schumann, played a crucial role in promoting his works. Notable works include Piano Concerto in A minor and Piano Sonatas. -
Period: to
Bedřich Smetana
Smetana was a Czech composer, considered the father of Czech music. His works are fundamental to the history of Czech music. Má vlast is his most famous work, a cycle of symphonic poems reflecting his love for his homeland, especially the famous Vltava (The Moldau), which depicts the course of the river that runs through Prague. Smetana’s music, with its use of national melodies, is a testament to his deep connection to his culture. -
Period: to
Brahms
German composer and pianist, one of the greatest musicians of Romanticism. His music combines the emotional richness and expressiveness characteristic of that era with a technical rigor that draws inspiration from the classicism of earlier composers such as Beethoven, Mozart and Haydn. Brahms is known as much for his symphonic and chamber works as for his choral and vocal music. -
Period: to
Modest Mussorgsky
Mussorgsky was a Russian composer associated with "The Mighty Handful," known for his bold and original style. His works are characterized by rich harmonies and textures, aiming to capture the essence of Russian soul. His most famous work is Pictures at an Exhibition, a set of piano pieces depicting an art gallery, later orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov. He is also known for his opera Boris Godunov. -
Period: to
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer whose compositions span a wide range of genres, from operas to ballet music. His music is known for its emotional depth and melodic richness. His famous ballets, such as Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and Sleeping Beauty, are central to the ballet repertoire. His symphonies, particularly Symphony No. 6 "Pathétique", reflect the anguish and inner struggles of the composer. -
Period: to
Antonín Dvořák
Dvořák was one of the most important composers of the Czech nationalist school. His music incorporates folk melodies and rhythms from his homeland, but it also blends broader European and American traditions. His Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" is one of the most popular works in the classical repertoire, and his Cello Concerto is one of the great pieces for the cello. -
Period: to
Edvard Grieg
Grieg was a Norwegian composer, a central figure in Scandinavian nationalist music. His music often reflects the beauty of Norway's natural landscapes. His most famous work is the incidental music for Peer Gynt, especially In the Hall of the Mountain King, but he also wrote wonderful piano works, such as Lyric Pieces and Piano Concerto in A minor, which remains one of the most beloved piano concertos in the repertoire. -
Period: to
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer and conductor, a member of "The Mighty Handful," a group of composers dedicated to creating a distinctive Russian sound. He is known for his mastery of orchestration and his colorful, exotic compositions, such as Scheherazade and Capriccio Espagnol. Rimsky-Korsakov also played a significant role in music education in Russia, mentoring several generations of composers. -
Period: to
Puccini
Italian composer, one of the most important figures in verismo opera. He is known for his emotionally charged operas, memorable melodies, and dramatic love stories. Some of his most famous works include La Bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot. Puccini innovated in his treatment of voices and orchestral resources, creating a unique atmosphere in his compositions. His legacy remains a central part of the global operatic repertoire. -
Period: to
Hugo Wolf
Austrian composer, noted for his lieder (songs for voice and piano) in the late romantic period. He is known for his song cycles based on the poems of authors such as Goethe and Mörike, showing great mastery in vocal music.
His style is characterized by harmonic complexity and the ability to transmit deep emotions. -
Period: to
Gustav Mahler
He was an Austrian composer and conductor, known for his emotional and complex symphonies, which explored themes such as life, death and spirituality. His most notable works include Symphony No. 2 and Das Lied von der Erde. He is a key figure at the end of romanticism and the beginning of modernism in classical music. -
Period: to
Claude Debussy
Debussy was a French composer and a key figure in the development of Impressionism in music. His music often evokes moods and images, focusing on tone color and atmosphere rather than traditional structure. Famous works include Clair de Lune, Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, and La Mer. His innovations in harmony and texture revolutionized classical music and influenced many composers of the 20th century. -
Period: to
Jean Sibelius
Sibelius was a Finnish composer, one of the most important of the 20th century, known for his ability to evoke the atmosphere of Finland's landscapes and its national spirit. His Symphonies are among the most complex and powerful in the symphonic repertoire, and works like Finlandia have become national anthems for Finland. Sibelius also embraced Finnish folk music, which is reflected in many of his compositions. -
Period: to
Arnold Schoenberg
Schoenberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist, and painter, best known for developing the twelve-tone technique, a method of composition that broke away from traditional tonality. He is considered one of the most important figures in the Second Viennese School, along with Alban Berg and Anton Webern. His major works include Verklärte Nacht, Pierrot Lunaire, and Suite for Piano, Op. 25. Schoenberg’s innovations had a profound impact on 20th-century music. -
Period: to
Maurice Ravel
Ravel was a French composer known for his perfectionism and mastery of orchestration. His music is often associated with Impressionism, though he preferred to be considered an individualist. Some of his most famous works include Boléro, Daphnis et Chloé, and Rapsodie Espagnole. Ravel was a master of orchestral color and piano composition, blending tradition with modernity. -
Period: to
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla was a Spanish composer, considered one of the most important composers of Spanish music in the 20th century. His works often combine elements of Spanish folk music with modern classical techniques. Notable works include El amor brujo, La vida breve, and Nights in the Gardens of Spain. Falla's music is known for its vivid rhythms and colorful orchestration. -
Period: to
Béla Bartók
Bartók was a Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist, regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. He was deeply inspired by folk music, particularly the peasant music of Eastern Europe, which he incorporated into his compositions. His major works include Concerto for Orchestra, Six String Quartets, and Romanian Folk Dances. Bartók also made significant contributions to the study of folk music. -
Period: to
Zoltán Kodály
Kodály was a Hungarian composer and music educator, known for his system of music education and his contributions to ethnomusicology. His works often incorporate Hungarian folk melodies, and he is famous for his Háry János Suite and Psalmus Hungaricus. Kodály’s emphasis on music education led to the development of the Kodály Method, which is still widely used today in teaching music to children. -
Period: to
Igor Stravinsky
Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor, widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. His works encompass a variety of styles, from Russian nationalism to neoclassicism and serialism. His early works, such as Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring, are landmarks in the history of music, especially for their innovative use of rhythm, orchestration, and dissonance. -
Period: to
Joaquín Turina
Turina was a Spanish composer, known for incorporating Spanish folk elements into his music. He studied in Seville and later in Paris, where he was influenced by French composers. Some of his famous works include La oración del torero and Sinfonía sevillana. His music often features vibrant rhythms and melodies that evoke the spirit of Spain. -
Period: to
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian composer and conductor, a leading figure in 20th-century Latin American music. His style blends elements of European classical music with Brazilian folk rhythms and melodies, creating a unique sound. His Bachianas Brasileiras series combines Bach's Baroque music with Brazilian folk traditions. Villa-Lobos is considered the most prominent figure in classical music in Brazil. -
Period: to
George Gershwin
Gershwin was an American composer known for blending classical music with jazz, creating music that was accessible and full of energy. His most famous work, Rhapsody in Blue, combines elements of jazz with classical traditions, and An American in Paris captures the spirit of the city in a vibrant style. He is also known for his opera Porgy and Bess, which blends jazz, blues, and classical music, and has become a milestone in American music history. -
Period: to
Olivier Messiaen
Messiaen was a French composer and organist, known for his unique style that blends rhythm, color, and spiritual themes. His music is often highly chromatic and employs complex rhythms, influenced by his studies of bird song and Indian rhythms. His works include Turangalîla-Symphonie, Quartet for the End of Time, and Vingt Regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus. Messiaen's music had a significant influence on contemporary music, especially in terms of rhythm and harmony. -
Period: to
Pierre Schaeffer
Schaeffer was a French composer, musicologist, and engineer, best known for his pioneering work in the field of electronic music. He is considered the father of musique concrète, a genre that uses recorded sounds as raw material for composition. Schaeffer’s innovations in the manipulation of sound through tape recording influenced the development of electronic music and sound art. -
Period: to
John Cage
Cage was an American composer, philosopher, and music theorist, best known for his radical ideas about music and sound. He is perhaps most famous for his 4'33", a piece in which the performer does not play any notes, leaving only the ambient sounds of the environment to be heard. Cage explored the concept of chance in music and made extensive use of non-traditional instruments and prepared pianos. His works had a profound impact on contemporary music and experimental art. -
Period: to
Pierre Henry
Pierre Henry was a French composer and one of the pioneers of musique concrète. He worked alongside Pierre Schaeffer and contributed to the development of experimental music. Henry’s works often involve the manipulation of recorded sounds, and he is known for pieces such as Symphonie pour un homme seul and La naissance de la musique. -
Period: to
Philip Glass
Philip Glass is an American composer, widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century, particularly for his work in minimalism. His music is characterized by repetitive structures, gradually evolving patterns, and a focus on rhythm. His major works include Einstein on the Beach, Glassworks, and Koyaanisqatsi. Glass’s style has influenced a wide range of music genres, including film music, opera, and contemporary classical music.