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Period: Aug 21, 1500 to
Sistema De Casas
This was a legal code that stated all men were not equal. this was present all through the 1500s until about 1820. Punishment was based on ethnicity. The crown would take advantage of Indians, because they lived in ancestral villages and were easy to take advantage of. The mulattoes, mestizos, and the blacks were a large portion of the population, but were not given an opportunity to advance. This caused tensions to rise. they didn't have the same opportunities.(114) (115) -
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Drought
In the late decade, there was a very serious drought. This drought put many of the farmers out of work. Many relied on farming to get their income, which caused financial instability and harmed the economic state of Spain. This effected Baijo most severely, because it was one of the most productive states in agriculture. This also led to famine which would effect the Indian population more, since they were not as equipped with dealing with such diseases.(115) -
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Napoleonic Wars
These wars were fought between French and European colonies. These wars added to the economic and political downfall of Spanish from 1792 up until to 1820s. It caused less domestic goods to to be bought, when American imports "flooded colonial markets." Manufacturing was disrupted causing the economy to be wrecked, which led Spain's people to blame the crown for the instability of their commerce. This made tensions rise.(115) -
Napoleon Crown Take-over
Napoleon forced King Charles IV to abdicate in 1808.This caused many of the Spaniards to be enraged and demand that they declare Spanish Independence, until the rightful heir to the throne was back in place. They also rejected Ferdinand, when he claimed to be the heir. This caused tensions to rise and political stability to plummet.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I -
Hidalgo's Grito
In an agricultural center in Bajio, a man named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was influenced by American constitutionalism. He never said it, but one day yelled out his speech that encouraged independence. This made its way throughout Spain, which gave some the idea that they could join the revolt. Many did not want to fight against the insurgents. This helped lead to the units revolting in Nuevo Santander.(117)
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Maria-Morelos -
Father Jose Maria Morelos
Morelos was born in an Escandons colony and was said to be a great man. This man was named the leadership against Spanish rule in 1811. He was more organized and had a better visual of the situation at hand. He eventually was the one to cause Mexican independence, abolish slavery, and help make a Mexican constitution. He especially helped the success in Nuevo Santander.(119)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos -
The Republican Army of the North
After failing at gaining allies in 1811 from the United States, Gutierrez De Lara met with officials in Louisiana, in 1812. The found a group of individuals who would help Mexico gain independence from Spain. That meeting led him to meet Augustus Magee, who would help take charge of the Anglo-American soldiers who had volunteered to help fight against Spain.
https://texastejano.com/history/battle-of-medina/ -
The Constitution of 1812
The spaniards had set up a constitutional convention that created The constitution of 1812. This was a monarchy that divided up the power. It set everyone as equal. This lasted a very short amount of time, as the new ruler Ferdinand abolished the precedents. This helped Spaniards have a taste or what a new kind of government would look like. This inspired them to fight for that type of fair government.(119) (120)
https://www.facsimiles.com/facsimiles/constitution-of-1812 -
de Lara's led Expedition
In August of 1812 Gutiérrez de Lara led his troops over the Sabine River, in order to find the troops who were unwilling to fight against the Spanish crown. This eventually led his numbers to grow to 300. The royalists were unable to stiffen the insurgents who went after their army, who had retreated to Bexar.
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mexican-war-of-independence -
Salcedo's Surrender
On April 13, 1813 General Salcedo had to surrender, because of the lack of artillery, horses, and men. This was also due to the fact that they were unprepared and the North eventually struck when they weren't expecting it. They had lost hundreds of men and thousands of horses. He was not able to risk losing that much more. The Republic of the North captured San Antonio. This was called the Battle of Rosillo.(120)
https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/134/article/576791/pdf