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Caddo Village -
The final collapse of the Caddo population left a number of clearings for the taking. By 1810 there were plenty of ranches in East Texas, including a number of Anglo and French Americans who had made their way into the area as authorized Indian traders, governments agents, and squatters.(95)
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In 1791 ranching had become the principal economic activity. Bexar, there were fourteen recognized ranches in 1791. There were thirty-five in 1810. Nacogdoches saw a boom in horse breeding ranches the 1790's. by 1810 there were more than twenty registered ranch owners in East Texas.(95)
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Rosa "La Patrona" inherit property from her husband and her father. Between 1790 and 1803, the year of her death, she reversed the family's financial fortunes and more than doubled its land holdings. In the process she became a pillar of the community, serving as witness to legal proceedings, becoming godmother for dozens of children born to friends and employees, and serving as lender to fellow ranchers and benefactor to the churches in Reynosa, Camargo, and Matamoros.(96)
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New Spain increased so much that the first permanent bridge across the Rio Grande was 500ft long and 17ft wide was in operation by 1800.(98)
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In the early morning of Sept. 16, 1810, church bells signaled the township. Father Miguel Hidalgo made an impassioned speech to the crowd. He uttered his famous cry: "Long live Religion! Long live our Blessed Mother Guadalupe! Long live Ferdinand VII and death to bad government!"
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The first independence of Texas Gen. Arredondo defats Republican Army of the North at Battle of Medina.(120)
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Rebels under Father Morelos declare Mexican Independence, and insurgents and pirates occupy Galveston Island. The Battle of Three Tree drives the Karankawas from Galveston.(126-127)
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Moses Austin proposes to colonize Texas with Catholic families from the United States. 1821 Mexico gains Independence, second Long expedition fails, Cherokee Chief Duwali's followers establish villages in East Texas.(129)
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Mexican Independence under the Plan De Iguala, Stephen F. Austin arrives in Texas and proceeds with his father's colonization plans 1821. 1822 Agustin de Iturbide becomes constitutional emperor, Texas sends representative to the Imperial Congress.(135)
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1823 Imperial Colonization Law allows Austin to proceed with colonial project. Emperor Agustin I abdicates, a federal republic is declared. 1824 Texas and Coachuila merged into a single state, "National Colonization of 1824 enacted, federal Constitution of 1824 takes effect.(135)
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