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This revolution established a parliament and constitution in Iran, aiming to limit the monarch's power. -
Reza Khan deposed the last Qajar shah and established his own dynasty, the Pahlavis. -
The government officially changed the country's name from Persia to Iran. -
Following the 1941 invasion, Reza Shah was forced into exile, and his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, became the new monarch. -
Allied forces from the UK and the Soviet Union invaded Iran to secure oil supplies. -
Under Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, the Iranian parliament nationalized the country's oil industry, which was previously controlled by the British. -
The democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was overthrown in a coup, leading to the restoration of the Shah's power. -
The Shah's government created SAVAK, the national intelligence and security organization. -
The Shah launched a series of reforms aimed at modernizing and Westernizing the country, including land reform, women's suffrage, and literacy programs. -
Two reported attacks on U.S. destroyers leading Lydon B. Johnson to increase U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. -
A sustained U.S. air campaign against North Vietnamese intending to weaken Viet Cong. -
The first major engagement of the Vietnam War. -
A series of coordinated surprise attacks for the North Vietnamese, during the Tet holiday. -
President Richard Nixon's strategy to end U.S. involvement by withdrawing American troops but increasing military and financial aid. -
When an Ohio National Guardsmen fired into a crowed of anti-Vietnam War protesters killing 4 students. -
The papers revealed the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scope of it's actions in the Vietnam War, which was not reported to the mainstream media. -
The officially ending of U.S. military in South Vietnam leading it to be conquered by North Vietnam soon after. -
The regime declared this radical policy to create an agrarian, classless, and communist society. It abolished money, private property, and religion, and forced all citizens to work the land. -
To North Vietnamese forces capturing Saigon it leads to South Vietnam to surrender -
The Khmer Rouge captured Cambodia's capital, ending the civil war an beginning its brutal rule. Also forcing 2.5 million residents into the countryside to begin a new life in rural collectives. -
A former high school in
Phnom Pehn was converted into the Security Prison 21 (S-21), a notorious interrogation and torture center. -
Tensions escalated between the Khmer Rouge and Vietnam, leading to a series of cross-border attacks. In April 1978, a major Khmer Rouge incursion into Vietnam, including the Ba Chuc massacre of over 3,000 Vietnamese civilians, led Vietnam to decide that the pol Pot regime must be overthrown. -
In response to continued attacks, 150,000 Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia. They captured Phnom Pehn in just two weeks, putting an end to the Khmer Rouge's brutal regime. -
During the protests against the Shah, government forces fired on demonstrators, resulting in a high number of casualties and intensifying the opposition against the monarchy. -
The earlier invasion aimed at North Vietnamese supply lines. -
Under the Khmer Rouge, citizens were subjected to brutal forced labor in rural work camps for up to 12 hours a day with minimal food. This mismanagement of the country led to widespread starvation and disease. -
The regime systematically targeted anyone considered an "enemy of the state". Thousands were killed for wearing glasses, a symbol of intellectualism. -
At sites like Choeung Ek, just outside Phnom pehn, prisoners from S-21 and other centers were systematically executed and buried in mass graves. -
The Vietnamese installed anew goverment, but the Khmer Rouge retreated to the jungles and continued fighting. Pol Pot died in 1998 while under house arrest by his former comrades, never facing international justice for his crimes. -
The Extaordinary Chambers in the Courts of the Cambodia, a un-backed tribunal, was established to prosecute senior Khmer Rouge leaders.