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Transition to new manufacturing processes in Britain, continental Europe and the United States.
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Transitional composer between classicism and romanticism
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German writer and composer, writer of "The Nutcracker" fable. His writings epitomize Romanticism.
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Founder of German Romantic opera, studied with Michael Haydn.
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Time period of radical political change in France.
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The most famous composer in the early 19th century Vienna. Composed mostly choral music and operas.
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Student of Mayr, Verdi's immediate forerunner in serious Italian opera; prolific composer of all genres.
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Austrian composer who created a genre of artistic and dramatic Lieder. Expansive melodies, frequent modulations, many unfinished works, Romanticized after his early death.
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Italian opera composer, created dramas with extreme passion, action, and emotion.
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French composer, conductor, writer, and innovator. Was the leading French musician in his day, works embody Romanticism. Modern instrumentation.
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Father of Russian music, European trained, prolific.
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Had the same training as Felix, but she was discouraged from composing. Married publisher. Her home was a center for intellectuals and culture.
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1st movement uses an insistent rhythmic drive, cyclic symphony, 4-note opening motive.
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Early romantic, conservative style. Important as a conductor, revived Bach's music, German composer of Jewish heritage.
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Important as a critic, editor, and composer. Lost his sanity at a young age.
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Polish/French composer and pianist. He innovated new piano technique, more famous today than during his lifetime. Known for his character pieces.
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Virtuoso pianist, conductor, author, supporter of Wagner. Innovator in musical form, aesthetics, and harmonies. Invented the orchestral tone poem.
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Creator of German music drama..........
Conductor, writer, musical innovator, wrote about music of the future. Anti-Semite...........
Profoundly influenced Western harmonies, strove for endless melodies. -
The leading Italian opera composer of the 19th century. Became a national hero of Italy.
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Based on the legend of the King of the Elves. One of the most romantic-sounding pieces ever made by Schubert.
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Painting by Caspar David Friedrich, shows the same aesthetic of the Romantic Spirit in art.
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French prolific composer, wrote in most genres of the day.
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Virtuoso pianist, wife of Robert Schumann. Close friend of Brahms.
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First German romantic opera composed by von Weber.
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"Broadwood" is a production firm that was largely responsible for innovating the piano, making pianos progressively louder, larger, and more robustly constructed.
1810s - six octaves (Beethoven used extra notes in his later works)
1820s - seven octaves -
French nationalist composer, teacher, and organist.
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Austrian composer and organist. Follower of Wagner. Known for his large orchestrations, incredible conscientious approach to composition.
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Czech composer; established Czech opera in the 19th century. Nationalist.
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Viennese composer, conductor, and violinist. "Waltz-King."
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American songwriter; vernacular style.
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Set of short, lyrical character pieces.
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Program symphony by Berlioz that has 5 movements. Idee fixe.
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Hungarian violinist, composer, conductor, and teacher. Toured with Clara Schumann, friends with Brahms.
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Character piece (Mazurka is the sub-genre).
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Austrian composer, known as a classic-romantic. Strong knowledge of the musical past. One of the first editors of Bach's music; conductor, pianist, friends, with the Schumanns; never wrote an opera.
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French composer, pianist, organist, and writer.
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French composer who created a new type of serious French opera.
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One of the Russian Mighty Five; most famous of the 5 today. Music is rooted in Russian folksong and lore.
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American organist and composer. Teacher of the new generation of American composers. Harvard's first professor of music.
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Russian composer, conductor, and teacher. Western trained, emotional, conservatives, harmonic language.
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Most famous of Czech composers. Lived in the USA, influenced by African-American and Native American music and culture.
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Nationalist from Norway. Known for "Peer Gynt."
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With the financial support of Congress, Morse started developing the telegraph in 1843 and sent the first message through Telegraph in 1844.
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French composer, teacher, and keyboardist. Foreshadowed modern tonality and style, extremely important as a teacher, head of the Paris Conservatory.
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The saxophone was invented by Belgian-born inventor Adolphe Sax in 1846.
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Czech composer, ethnomusicologist. Influenced by folk music.
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American, leader of the U.S. Marine Band in 1880.
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Second opera in his 4-opera cycle. (music drama...) One of Wagner's most well-known operas.
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English composer, received international acclaim. Not folksong oriented.
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Italian opera composer, gift for delicate melodies. Strove for realism. The most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi.
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Wrote mostly Lieder, influenced by Wagner.
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Finland Nationalist. Composed "Finlandia" in 1899.
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One of Verdi's famous operas.
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Tone poem, uses sounds to replicate sounds of the Moldau River. Program piece by Smetana.
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In 1879, Thomas Edison was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting electric light bulb in his laboratory.
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Traditional 4 movement symphony. Absolute music, "modern."