-
Period: to
The French and Indian War
The French built forts in the Ohio River valley to claim territory. George Washington who was 21 years old led British troops but was forced to surrender to a large French force. The Albany Congress: colonial leaders met to discuss a potential war. Ben Franklin made the join or die snake image and published it, he proposed the union of states which was the Albany plan but was rejected by the colonies. -
Fort Niagara
British were defeated on Lake Ontario, and on May 1756, Britain officially declared war on France, beginning the seven-year war. -
France Vs. Britain
Britain gained control of all territory east of the Mississippi (except New Orleans). France ceded territories to Britain. -
Proclamation of 1763
It banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains angered many colonists who ignored or resisted the proclamation. -
Period: to
Pontiac war
Ottawa leader Pontiac allied with western tribes. Attacked British forts and settlers, killing about two thousand settlers who retaliated against the native americans. -
British rule led to conflict
Britain was left in debt and needed continued protection so they enforced many taxes to pay for war debt and ongoing defenses like the Sugar Act which was when the British put taxes on molasses and stricter smuggling penalties, the Quartering Act was when the colonists were required to house and supply British soldiers, and the finally the stamp act which was when the tax on various paper products and document. -
Fort duquesne
General Edward Braddock defeats the European-style tactics ineffective against French and native American guerilla warfare. -
Fort Ticonderoga
The patriot victory, they gained control of strategic waterways. It provided the continental army with needed materials for the war which was transported to Boston to help with the siege of Boston. -
Battles of Lexington and concord
First armed conflict of the American Revolution, the British retreated to Boston and suffered heavy losses, the minutemen (were colonial militia ready to fight at a moment's notice. This was the first official action of the Revolutionary War -
British vs. Colonies
British troops marched to seize weapons in concord but didn't find anything. -
Bunker Hill
British victory, but at a high cost. This war was a result of tensions that had been growing between the the colonists and British after Lexington and Concord. The British won but suffered heavy losses, the colonists had to retreat due to lack of supplies and damage made by the British troops. -
Siege of boston
Washington troops forced the British to evacuate. The colonial forces were composed of local militia but then they eventually made the continental army during this siege, the British troops were trapped in the city unable to break the siege. The Continental Army received artillery from Fort Ticonderoga so they were able to win over the British. -
Battle of trenton
George Wahington made a surprise attack on the Hessian forces during a violent storm of rain which boosted American morale. -
Battle of Saratoga
One of Americans major victories, this battle convinced France to ally with the revolutionaries. America defeated the superior British army which made their hope for further independence increase while the British realized that being able to still have control and winning these fights with the colonists ( Americans) was lower than they thought. -
Period: to
Valley Forge
This period was a hard period for the Continental Army. Harsh conditions for the Continental Army, and the citizens provided overwhelming support for the troops, the British troops partied but the American Continental Army trained. The British had control over the cities while the Americans had control over the rural areas. -
French Alliance
France was the first nation to recognize the U.S. as an independent state.
European volunteer:
Marquis de Lafayette: High-ranking officer in Washington's army.
Baron von Steuben: He helped train the American Continental Army -
European volunteers
Spain and the Netherlands joined the war against Britain.
The naval support was crucial for American success. -
War moves south
British strategy: Win over the southern colonies then move north.
American tactics: guerrilla warfare led by Francis Marion(Swamp Fox).
General Nathanael Greene's strategic division forces
Benedict Arnold: An American general that turned a traitor. -
Battle of cowpens
A significant American victory in the South. This battle helped further weaken the British presence in the southern colonies which contributed to the success of the American cause. -
Battle of Yorktown ( Final)
British forces under Cornwallis were trapped at Yorktown. The French and American troops combined besieged the British. The French navy prevented the British escape by sea. October 19, 1781: Cornwallis surrendered effectively ending the war. -
Treaty of Paris
Britain recognized the U.S as an independent state
Defined new nation's boundaries.
George Washington resigned -
Impacts of the revolutions
The revolution created thirteen independent states united as one nation.
It spread the idea of equality and liberty.
It inspired other revolutions which included the French revolutions in 1789.