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Is the oldest surviving complete musical composition. It was a melody composed by a man for his deceased wife. It was written in greek. It,s in the National Museum of Dinamarca, in Copenhague.
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Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred chant in Latin of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed primarily in Western and Central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. -
She was a 12th-century German Benedictine nun, abbess, and polymath, recognized as a saint and doctor of the Church. She was noted for her mystical visions, her work as a writer, philosopher, composer, and scientist, and her work as a physician
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Ars antiqua, also called Ars veterum or Ars vetus, refers to the music of late medieval Europe between approximately 1170 and 1310, spanning the period of the Notre Dame School of polyphony and the years after. The first polyphonic form was the organum that adds a second voice to a Gregorian chant melody, wich moves parallel to the first.
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Leonin or Magister Leoninus is, along with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, associated with the Notre Dame School. -
Perotin was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. He is considered the most important composer of the Notre Dame School of Paris, where the polyphonic style began to take shape. -
Alfonso X "the Wise" was King of Castile and León from 1252 to 1284. He is known for his significant cultural and legislative work, including the codification of laws in Castilian, the founding of Castilian prose, and the promotion of the Toledo School of Translators. He was also an important economic, military, and political reformer.
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Ars nova is an expression that designates musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school, which would occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the 15th century.